Epsilon-negative media from the viewpoint of materials science

A comprehensive review of the fundamentals and applications of epsilon-negative materials is presented in this paper. Percolative composites, as well as homogeneous ceramics or polymers, have been investigated to obtain the tailorable epsilon-negative properties. It's confirmed the anomalous epsilon-negative property can be realized in conventional materials. Meanwhile, from the perspective of materials science, the relationship between the negative permittivity and the composition and microstructure of materials has been clarified. It's demonstrated that the epsilon-negative performance is attributed to the plasmonic response of delocalized electrons within the materials and can be modulated by it. Moreover, the potential applications of epsilon-negative materials in electromagnetic interference shielding, laminated composites for multilayered capacitance, coil-less electric inductors, and epsilon-near-zero metamaterials are reviewed. The development of epsilon-negative materials has enriched the connotation of metamaterials and advanced functional materials, and has accelerated the integration of metamaterials and natural materials.

The interaction of closely related languages in modern journalism: Opportunities for increasing expressiveness

Based on the material of Russian-language journalistic works of one popular Ukrainian media source (Weekly 2000), the article establishes and interprets the functional load of such a technique as the introduction into media texts of elements of a language that is closely related to the language of publication: in this case, a different type and character of Ukrainianisms (words, expressions, fragments of someone else’s speech, etc.). The conducted observations indicate that in modern Russian-language journalism of Ukraine, elements of a closely related Ukrainian language included in the text in the overwhelming majority of cases are endowed with the functions of a negative assessment of the depicted (which is almost always presented in a satirical or satirical-ironic key), while contributing to a more expressive transmission of the author’s attitude to subject of the picture. Such functions of Ukrainianisms in Ukraine’s journalism, created under the conditions of closely related bilingualism, are conditioned by extralinguistic factors — first of all, by the undemocratic language policy pursued by the state authorities for several decades. It is as a result of these actions that most of the considered text elements have formed the connotative content of a negative property, which, when introduced into a media text, is updated and / or expanded as a result of placing it in a context. In such a situation, well-known Ukrainianisms also acquire negative connotations, which have always been perceived as markers of the national-cultural Ukrainian flavor (vyshyvanka, rushnik, glechik, etc.), and this perception was extremely rarely negative. The analysis carried out provides grounds to assert that the appeal of journalists to the introduction of elements of contacting languages into media texts remains one of the most significant methods of increasing the expressiveness of a text, the specific load of which is determined both by extralinguistic factors and by the peculiarities of the author’s individual manner.

Damages and Losses in activity institutions of the penal system of the Russian Federation

В процессе деятельности учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы возникают негативные имущественные последствия, вызванные различными причинами. В законодательстве и литературе происходит смешение видов таких последствий, что приводит к неверному определению их природы, особенно в сфере снабжения потребителей электроэнергией, теплоэнергией и другими ресурсами. В итоге принимаются ошибочные судебные решения, существенно нарушающие права и законные интересы потребителей. В статье предлагаются способы решения проблемы. In the process of activity of the institutions of the penitentiary system, negative property consequences arise due to various reasons. In the legislation and literature, there is a mixture of the types of such consequences, which leads to an incorrect determination of their nature, especially in the field of supplying consumers with electricity, heat, water and other resources. As a result, erroneous court decisions are made that substantially violate the rights and legitimate interests of consumers. The article suggests ways to solve the problem.