Source Credibility in Environmental Reporting of Two Different Media Landscapes

This research attempts to understand environmental communication taking place in countries with different political, socio-cultural contexts and organizational media levels. In this regard, the research's focuses on Pakistani and British print media systems, which have different organizational systems and contexts. Therefore, it is worth analyzing whether these organizational differences affect the way their news content in relation to the environment is being produced, with emphasis on the credibility of sources. A quantitative content analysis of two Pakistani and two British newspapers was conducted from the previous one decade through January 2007 to December 2016 by using a sample of 5315 environmental news stories published in four publications concerning from each country such as Dawn and Nation from Pakistan, whereas Telegraph and Guardian have chosen from the UK. The Significance of this quantitative study is based on the theoretical approach of agenda-setting and media source credibility. Assuredly, environmental reporting of Pakistani and British print media diverges in the context of source preferences in agenda-setting and media source credibility capacity. Subsequently, dominantly quoted news sources of environmental issues in Pakistani and British print media depict the environmental agenda of each country.

Evaluating the volatilization behavior of PAHs in oil-based residues from drilling cuttings of different thicknesses based on the C-history method

Drilling cuttings, the primary byproduct generated from the exploration and mining of shale gas, are potentially hazardous types of waste that seriously deplete land resources and pose environmental safety problems. In this paper, oil-based drilling debris is used as a typical porous medium phase solid waste, and the law and characteristics of unsteady diffusion and release of PAHs are studied under the specific situation of oil-based drilling debris with different thicknesses as the "source". The results showed that(1) Thickness has a greater influence on the diffusion and release law of PAHs from oil-based drilling cuttings residues, the diffusion release of PAHs increases with the increase of sample thickness. (2) The thickness of the porous media source is the main influencing factor of the PAHs diffusion and release diffusion related parameters. The higher the thickness, the diffusion coefficient Dm increases with the increase in thickness. The distribution coefficient K and the initial diffusible release concentration Cm0 change in a similar manner, and both increase with the thickness.

Migrants are not welcome

Figurative framing, in the form of metaphorical expressions, is especially effective in carrying conceptual content on an issue and affecting public opinion. One topic that has been heavily debated in contemporary Hungarian media is migration. Framing starts with the label that journalists select to refer to fled people: bevándorló (“immigrant”), migráns (“migrant”) or menekült (“refugee”). Depending on the label, different associations emerge, resting upon differing (metaphorical) conceptualizations evoked by the labels. We analysed metaphorical compounds based on the keywords in a media corpus of approx. 15 million words. Our results indicate that while all three keywords evoke predominantly negative frames and evaluations that build on stock metaphorical conceptualizations of fled people as also identified in the international literature – such as flood, object, business, war and crime –, the distribution of these metaphors does vary, depending on a) the selected keyword; and b) the political agenda of the media source.

Selective exposure in different political information environments – How media fragmentation and polarization shape congruent news use

Previous research posits that individual predispositions play an essential role in explaining patterns of selective exposure to political information. Yet the contextual factors in the political information environment have received far less attention. Using a cross-national and quasi-experimental design, this article is one of the first to investigate how political information environments shape selective exposure. We rely on a unique two-wave online survey quasi-experiment in five countries (Switzerland, Denmark, Italy, Poland and the United States) with 4349 participants to test the propositions that (a) the level of polarization and fragmentation in information environments and (b) the type of media source used affect selective exposure. Our results reveal that selective exposure is slightly more frequent among regular social media users but is less common among users of TV, radio and newspapers; crucially, it is more common in information environments that are highly fragmented and polarized. Nevertheless, news users from less fragmented-polarized media landscapes show one surprising yet intriguing behaviour: in a quasi-experimentally manipulated setting with more opportunities to self-select than they may be accustomed to, their coping strategy is to pick larger amounts of congruent news stories. All our findings imply that contextual factors play a crucial role in moderating individuals’ tendency to select information that aligns with their political views.

The Effect of Statistics on Enjoyment and Perceived Credibility in Sports Media

Evolving media landscapes toward increasingly diverse and competitive environments in both traditional and new media requires producers regularly examine the quality of their productions. One growing line of research identifies the increasing presence and significance of statistics in sports media programming. This experiment measures the effect of statistics on enjoyment and perceived credibility by sport consumers while considering level of fanship, media source, and variations in placement within Instagram posts. Results uncover evidence that validates previous observations about statistics in media while contradicting others. Specifically, findings reveal that statistics enhance enjoyment and improve perceived credibility. Observations were consistent across fanship level. However, additional findings also suggest media source and placement of statistics influences both enjoyment and credibility as well. For both dependent variables, statistics in both the Instagram caption and image yielded significantly greater enjoyment and credibility than some other conditions including posts without statistics at all. The impact of these and other findings on sports media industry and scholarship, along with limitations and directions for future research, are discussed.

Present era of drug safety in India: An overview

Introduction: Common Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR), evaluated by drug clinical trial studies, whereas an individual or specific population might suffer reactions after prolonged dormancy. Pharmacovigilance (PV) is a scientific investigation dealing with and keeping regular vigil on the drugs being used. Methods: The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) and other regulatory authorities like a National Coordination Committee (NCC) via the Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) manage PV activity in synchronicity. Indian Pharmacovigilance (PV) system requires carving, therefore the Pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI) was enforced by the government in the year 2010, relying on exact ADR detection, evaluation, and reporting. Results: Thus, several regional, zonal and peripheral centers are developed for ADR reporting. Clinicians, Nurses, laypersons, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals can fill ADR reporting forms online or offline at the nearest centers in suitable languages. Additionally, a toll-free number and mobile app could be used for reporting ADR. Every reported ADR gets collected and processed at the centers through Vigi-flow software, which detects and assesses the signal strength reported at CDSCO and World Health Organisation (WHO) for the required regulatory action. Conclusions: The final decision of CDSCO-WHO is passed by a suitable media source for the advancement of society's health.

Teargas and Selfie Cams: Foreign Protests and Media in the Digital Age

This study explores the impact of repression of foreign protests and the media source reporting the news upon American foreign policy preferences for democracy promotion abroad. We use two survey experiments featuring carefully edited video treatments to show that even short media clips presenting foreign protests as violently repressed increase American support for targeted sanctions against the hostile regime; however, these treatments alone do not inspire respondents to political action. Furthermore, we do not find evidence that mobile treatment magnifies the effects of violence.

New perspective on qualitative and quantitative indicators of juvenile crime in Russia

The goal of this research consists in determination and analysis of the current trends of juvenile crime in Russia. The subject of this article is the basic patterns of juvenile crime identified by keeping track of its dynamics, modification and activity in Russia from 1991 to 2019, and classified by the authors into separate periods – “waves” in accordance with the “bursts” of such type of crime. It is underlined that the timely identification of factors and conditions that lead to the spate of criminal activity among juveniles in a specific time period allows preventing similar situations in future, as well as contributes to the development of an effective toolset for preventing deviant behavior of teenagers. The empirical basis of this research is comprised of the statistical reports on the state of juvenile crime in Russia that are posted annually on the official websites of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation. The authors also lean on the fundamental Russian and foreign research dedicated to the problematic questions of preventing juvenile crime. In the course of studying statistical data that reflect qualitative and quantitative indicators of juvenile crime in Russia from 1991 to 2019, the authors determined five so-called “waves” of juvenile crime: I wave 1991-1997, II wave 1998-2002, III wave 2003-2012, IV wave 2012-2014, and V wave 2014-2019. Examination of media source, publicistic and scientific literature allowed revealing the most probable causes of the sharp increase in criminogenic situation in the juvenile environment. The article also reveals certain negative trends, such as the increase in the rate of grave and especially grave crimes committed by minors.