Analyse expérimentale du comportement des producteurs de céréales sèches face au risque financier dans un contexte de changement climatique

This study has two objectives: to characterize farmers according to their level of financial risk aversion and to analyze the factors explaining their propensity to take financial risk. Using a lottery system inspired by the work of Allais (1953) on 540 farmers in the groundnut basin of Senegal, the results show that 81.38 % of farmers are financially risk averse and only 8.57 % are risk lovers. Estimates with the probit model show that the propensity to take financial risk decreases if the farmer sets himself a high tolerable level of production loss. These results suggest that demand components should be considered in public agricultural financing and insurance policies.

L'émergence du référentiel marchand dans la tarification des cliniques privées algériennes : privatisation du financement et changement de paradigme

Tariff convergence is part of the gradual privatization of the Algerian health care system that began in the late 1980s. The transition from a logic of free access to health care to a market logic represents an upheaval for patients. In order to understand the formation of tariffs in the private healthcare, we mixed a qualitative survey by semi-structured interviews with 16 founders of the clinics and the administration of a questionnaire to 40 permanent doctors of these clinics with a full-time activity. Our results show that the absence of an official tariff scheme in the Algerian private clinics has promoted the establishment of conventional tariff and remuneration systems, adopted by different actors especially to overcome the lack of regulation of the private healthcare. We observe a strong collective commitment to tariff devices, without sacrificing freedom of doctors as autonomous professionals on fixing their own tariff according to their own criteria. The emerging privatization of the Algerian health system is part of an overall international dynamic that would require a gradual change in the paradigm of public action.

Développement et validation d'un questionnaire de la prise de décision dans le champ d'assurance

The Insurance Decision-Making Questionnaire (IDMQ) was designed to validate a measurement instrument that assesses insurance decision-making on the basis of scenarios and scales and that takes cross-cultural differences into account. First, we analysed the responses of 42 French (N = 22) and Senegalese (N = 19) partic- ipants who responded via the Internet to the 75 items (Pretest). After having carried out an exploratory analysis on 101 French (N = 54) and Senegalese (N = 48) participants and a test-retest on 33 French (N = 17) and Senegalese (N = 16) participants, the results show a satisfactory internal and temporal validity, and are close to those obtained by Jafarkarimi, et al. (2017). We now have a measurement instrument in French that presents different real-life scenarios, with acceptable psychometric qualities, which can be used to evaluate decision-making in the field of insurance.

L’interprétation des clauses base-réclamation dans les contrats d’assurance de responsabilité civile au Québec

This article addresses the question of the interpretation of base-claim clauses in Quebec insurance law. Defined mainly by the doctrine as clauses whose effects consist in assimilating the claim to the claim of the victim, the use of base-claim clauses raise several questions as to their legality on reading articles 2396 of the civil code and 2414 of the same. coded. While the first defines the claim as a damaging event, the second article states the relative public order nature of the provisions of Chapter XV of Title 2 of Book V of the Civil Code, among which is Article 2396 of the Civil Code. Article 2414 states that the provisions of Chapter XV may be subject to a derogation if this benefits the policyholder, the insured, the beneficiary or does not infringe the rights of third parties. However, one of the main effects of base-claim clauses is to considerably restrict the direct action of the third party towards the insurer but, also, to place on the back of the insured the lack of diligence of the injured third party. In the silence of the law, it is then up to the courts to assess the compliance of the basis-claim clauses with public order set out in article 2414 through virtual public order. This article attempts to suggest means of interpretation aimed at establishing the illegality of base-claim clauses.

Analyse d’impact du moment de décaissement d’un produit avec garantie de rachat viager

The extant literature on the Guaranteed Lifetime Withdrawal Benefits (GLWB) financial risk is abundant, however, few articles investigate the option offered to the policyholder with respect to the initiation of the contract and examine this impact on the profitability of the product for the insurer. We extend the analysis carried out by Huang et al. (IME, 2014) on the optimal initiation of the product with GLWB. First, we add an additional dimension in the analysis to account for the insurer losses as a function of the age for disbursement chosen by the policyholder. Then, we develop a novel analytical framework to determine by numerical methods the extent to which an insurer, expecting his client to choose when to receive benefits to maximize the value of his variable annuity contract, should change its actuarially fair fee structure. We show that the fair premium is a function of the insured policyholder age when he bought the contract. This result runs counter to the current fee structure and practice in the Canadian insurance industry with insurers charging a uniform level of fees regardless of the policyholder biological age when the contract is issued.

L’assurance vie : un atout pour lutter contre la pauvreté monétaire des travailleurs dans la CEMAC

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of life insurance on the monetary poverty of workers in the CEMAC. To do this, data from the World Bank (2019), the United Nations Program (UNDP, 2018) and the Global Financial Development Database (2019) justified a study period which goes from 2007 to 2017. The estimation of the model used in this work was done, using least squares with indicator variables then corrected for problems of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation of error terms by panel corrected standard error (PCSE) and the least squares achievable (FGLS), then by the generalized moments method. As a result, it first appears that life insurance can significantly reduce the percentage of working poor in CEMAC. And secondly, it appears that education is an important lever to combat the precariousness of workers in this sub-region. Finally, the results show that political stability and an increase in the growth rate of the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita also reduce the percentage of working poor in the CEMAC.

Coherent Mortality Forecasting for the Algerian Population

Mortality forecasting is much needed for population projections and actuarial calculations. Forecasting mortality of males and females in an independent way leads in most of cases to some incoherence regarding the expected male-female mortality evolution. To avoid a possible unrealistic convergence/divergence in this sense, a coherent mortality forecasting is required. In this paper, we compare the performance of two coherent models, namely the model of Li and Lee (2005) and that of Hyndman et al. (2013) on forecasting male and female mortality of the Algerian population. Results show that the first model provides better goodness-of-fit but less coherence compared to the second one.