An efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration from the nodal explants of Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal: a valuable medicinal herb

<p>In order to develop a protocol for the effective micropropagation of the important medicinal plant Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal, the effects of different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators on the nodal explants in two independent experiments were investigated. For shooting, a MS medium fortified with different concentrations and combinations of IBA (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg l-1), BA (0.5, 1 and 2 mg l-1), Kin (0.5 and 1 mg l-1), PG (0.5 mg l-1) and GA (0.5 mg l-1) was used and the highest shooting response, shoot number and shoot length were obtained in the MS + IBA (0.01 mg l-1) + BA (0.5 mg l-1) + PG (0.5 mg l-1) + GA (0.5 mg l-1) treatment. In the second experiment, the effect of MS supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of IBA (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg l-1), NAA (0.1 and 1 mg l-1) and PG (1 mg l-1) on rooting of the nodal explants was investigated, which showed that the highest rooting response (%) was observed in the MS fortified with NAA (0.1 mg l-1), NAA (1 mg l-1), NAA (0.1 mg l-1) + PG (1 mg l-1), and NAA (1 mg l-1) + PG (1 mg l-1) treatments, as well as the highest number of roots at NAA (0.1 mg l-1) and the highest root length at IBA (1 mg l-1). Our findings highlight a complete micropropagation method for W. coagulans from the nodal explant that can make a significant contribution to the development of W. coagulans material for medical applications.</p>

Shoot position, cutting types and auxin treatments influence rooting response on Tecoma stans

This study investiges the rooting ability and the growth performance of lower and upper shoot positions and type of the cuttings, i.e. soft and hard wood and leafy and non leafy, of Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth. The cuttings were collected from 4-year old plants growing in the Chauras Campus of H.N.B. Garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. The rooting ability of cuttings was studied under the treatments of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and Indole 3-acidic acid (IAA) under 0.0%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% concentration in both hormones. The rooting response was significantly (p < 0.05) better in 0.4% IBA compared to other treatments and control (0% IBA and IAA). The ratio of number of roots to rooted cuttings and length of root to rooted cuttings in the different treatments showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The rooted cuttings were further transferred, into the polythene bags and shifted to open nursery conditions. Under such conditions, the rooted cuttings treated with 0.4% and 0.5% IBA demonstrated the highest (90% to 100%) survival capacity in the lower portion soft wood and leafy stem cuttings. Plantable plant and plant height was greater in the 0.4% IBA concentration treatment. The results of the study suggest that rooting of soft wood stem cuttings having lower position and leaves could be an effective mean of regenerating to T. stans. Furthermore, the application of 0.4% IBA concentration treatment is appropriate for rooting of juvenile leafy stem cuttings in a mist chamber.

Rooting Response of Boxwood Cultivars to Hot Water Treatment and Thermal Sensitivity ofCalonectria henricotiaeandC. pseudonaviculatain Diseased Boxwood (Buxusspp.)1

Boxwood blight is caused by Calonectria henricotiae (Che) and C. pseudonaviculata (Cps). Unrecognized symptoms on Buxus cuttings used for propagation could potentially serve as a source of inoculum and result in pathogen spread. In this study, cuttings of boxwood (Buxus spp.) cultivars ‘Justin Brouwers', ‘Nana', ‘Green Beauty', and ‘Green Velvet' were assessed for root production after exposure to 45 C (113 F) or 47.5 C (118 F) water for 0 to 60 minutes in 5 minute increments. The number of roots greater than 1 cm (0.4 in) in length produced by cuttings of all cultivars three months after treatment in 45 C water for up to 60 minutes was not statistically different from the non-immersed control. A similar response was observed for cuttings of all cultivars treated in 47.5 C water for up to 60 minutes, except for cv. ‘Nana,' which produced fewer roots than the non-immersed control after 35 minutes of exposure to heated water. Experiments conducted on diseased, detached boxwood leaves of susceptible cultivar ‘Justin Brouwers' at 47.5 C, 50 C (122 F) or 52.5 C (127 F) showed significantly reduced production of conidia and viability of Che and Cps after 25 to 30 minute exposure to 47.5 C water (44%) or 12 minute exposure to 50 C water (22%). After 8 minutes of exposure to 52.5 C water, little or no sporulation was observed for either pathogen.Index words: Boxwood blight, Calonectria pseudonaviculata, Calonectria henricotiae, Buxus, hot water treatment, rooting, cuttings, plant propagation.Species used in this study: Boxwood blight [Calonectria henricotiae Gehesquière, Heungens and J.A. Crouch and C. pseudonaviculata (Crous J.Z. Groenewald & C.F. Hill) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf & Crous] Boxwood [Buxus sempervirens L. ‘Justin Brouwers'; Buxus sinica (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) M. Cheng var. insularis (Nakai) M. Cheng ‘Nana'; B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa'×B. sinica var. insularis ‘Green Beauty', and B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa' × B. sinica var. insularis ‘Green Velvet'].

Image Analysis of Root Induction in Sedum praealtum Cuttings

Production of adventive roots is a process induced and regulated by phytohormones where auxins play an important role in controlling the growth and development of them, with a direct influence on the regenerative ability of plants. The aim of this study was to compare the root induction and development on Sedum praealtum cuttings by the action of 3-indolylbutyric acid (IBA) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA) concentrations by root image analysis. Root length of plantlets showed that there was an interval between 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L concentrations of efficient root induction with a clearly decrease of it as IBA concentration increased, also as NAA treatment showed. In this work, the rooting response of Sedum praealtum cuttings evaluated by root image analysis showed the application of IBA as an efficient synthetic auxin for vegetative propagation.

Clonal propagation of Osyris lanceolata through air layering at Bazawit Hill, Northern Ethiopia. An Endangered Medicinal and sandal wood Plant in East Africa

In the recent years medicinal and other economical important plants are getting attention due to the presence of therapeutically important active contents; however over exploitation and propagation problems are the major concern for conservation of several econmically important plant species. Among economical imprortant plants an attempt has been made to develop a propagation method for African sandalwood (Osyris lanceolata) by air layering approach aiming at providing an alternative propagation technique to the use of seeds or cuttings that germinate or root poorly. Air layers were applied root hormone to the stem branches of Osyris lanceolata (still attached to the plant) during Novmbere 2019, at Bazawit Hill, Nothern Ethiopia at edge of Blue-Nile River from its source at Lake Tana. Root initiation were starts after 12 weeks of the experments.The factors assessed in this experiment were the effect IBA as rooting promoter at three concentrations (0,50, 100 and 150 ppm). From the data collected it was observed 88.8% rooting were achieved from air layers in the mother plants it selef those treated by IBA hormone and the controls not responding root.Making this propagation technique is a viable alternative to the use of seed or cutting propagation. Rooting response success were influenced by application of rooting hormone of IBA, soil composition and the seasons. At a rate of 150 ppm 100% all expermented plants were intiated and primarly other than other treatmeants responded root. The significance enhancing of root making on Osyris lanceolata plants stem via air layers is linked to the advantage of more rooting hormone concentartion.