To Study the Effect of Auxin Concentrations (IBA and IAA) on Growth Performance of Stem Cutting of Hardwickia binata (Roxb.)

The present studies on “Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth Performance of Stem Cutting of Hardwickia binata Roxb” was carried out in the mist chamber of Institute of Forest Biodiversity, Dulapally, Kompally, Hyderabad, during January- April, 2021. The cuttings of Hardwickia binata Roxb were prepared from selected superior phenotypes from the surrounding environments of Kompally, Hyderabad. Hardwickia binata Roxb. is difficult to root and need auxin treatment and controlled environment to successful survival and rooting. The cuttings were treated with 0, 200, 500,1000, 1500, 2000 mg/l concentrations of IBA and IAA and planted in poly bags under mist chamber. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Analysis of variance was worked out to assess the variation in Hardwickia binata Roxb. for eight characters. Treatment with IBA at 2000mg was found to be the best treatment as it achieved maximum in survival percentage (52.64%), shoot length (31.92cm), rooting percentage (81.69%), number of roots per cutting (20.44) and root biomass (6.32g) followed by treatment with IAA at 2000mg/l (T10) achieved maximum. The performance increased with an increase in concentrations of both IBA and IAA. Among the two auxins treatments, IBA was found to be most effective, showed significantly higher values compared to IAA. It is possible to successfully multiply the Hardwickia binata Roxb. cuttings by treating with 2000 mg/l of IBA under controlled phyto-environmental condition. The study evolved an easy and efficient protocol for vegetative propagation of HardwickiabinataRoxb.via stem cuttings to establish clonal forestry.

Assessment of online water-soluble brown carbon measuring systems for aircraft sampling

Brown carbon (BrC) consists of particulate organic species that preferentially absorb light at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. Ambient studies show that as a component of aerosol particles, BrC affects photochemical reaction rates and regional to global climate. Some organic chromophores are especially toxic, linking BrC to adverse health effects. The lack of direct measurements of BrC has limited our understanding of its prevalence, sources, evolution, and impacts. We describe the first direct, online measurements of water-soluble BrC on research aircraft by three separate instruments. Each instrument measured light absorption over a broad wavelength range using a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) and grating spectrometer, with particles collected into water by a particle-into-liquid sampler (CSU PILS-LWCC and NOAA PILS-LWCC) or a mist chamber (MC-LWCC). The instruments were deployed on the NSF C-130 aircraft during WE-CAN 2018 as well as the NASA DC-8 and the NOAA Twin Otter aircraft during FIREX-AQ 2019, where they sampled fresh and moderately aged wildfire plumes. Here, we describe the instruments, calibrations, data analysis and corrections for baseline drift and hysteresis. Detection limits (3σ) at 365 nm were 1.53 Mm−1 (MC-LWCC; 2.5 min sampling time), 0.89 Mm−1 (CSU PILS-LWCC; 30 s sampling time), and 0.03 Mm−1 (NOAA PILS-LWCC; 30 s sampling time). Measurement uncertainties were 28 % (MC-LWCC), 12 % (CSU PILS-LWCC), and 11 % (NOAA PILS-LWCC). The MC-LWCC system agreed well with offline measurements from filter samples, with a slope of 0.91 and R2=0.89. Overall, these instruments provide soluble BrC measurements with specificity and geographical coverage that is unavailable by other methods, but their sensitivity and time resolution can be challenging for aircraft studies where large and rapid changes in BrC concentrations may be encountered.

Shoot position, cutting types and auxin treatments influence rooting response on Tecoma stans

This study investiges the rooting ability and the growth performance of lower and upper shoot positions and type of the cuttings, i.e. soft and hard wood and leafy and non leafy, of Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth. The cuttings were collected from 4-year old plants growing in the Chauras Campus of H.N.B. Garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. The rooting ability of cuttings was studied under the treatments of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and Indole 3-acidic acid (IAA) under 0.0%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% concentration in both hormones. The rooting response was significantly (p < 0.05) better in 0.4% IBA compared to other treatments and control (0% IBA and IAA). The ratio of number of roots to rooted cuttings and length of root to rooted cuttings in the different treatments showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The rooted cuttings were further transferred, into the polythene bags and shifted to open nursery conditions. Under such conditions, the rooted cuttings treated with 0.4% and 0.5% IBA demonstrated the highest (90% to 100%) survival capacity in the lower portion soft wood and leafy stem cuttings. Plantable plant and plant height was greater in the 0.4% IBA concentration treatment. The results of the study suggest that rooting of soft wood stem cuttings having lower position and leaves could be an effective mean of regenerating to T. stans. Furthermore, the application of 0.4% IBA concentration treatment is appropriate for rooting of juvenile leafy stem cuttings in a mist chamber.

Assessment of online water-soluble brown carbon measuring systems for aircraft sampling

Brown carbon (BrC) consists of particulate organic species that preferentially absorb light at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. Ambient studies show that as a component of aerosol particles, BrC affects photochemical reaction rates and regional to global climate. Some organic chromophores are especially toxic linking BrC to adverse health effects. The lack of direct measurements of BrC has limited our understanding of its prevalence, sources, evolution, and impacts. We describe the first direct, online measurements of water-soluble BrC on research aircraft by three separate instruments. Each instrument measured light absorption over a broad wavelength range using a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) and grating spectrometer, with particles collected into water by a Particle-into-Liquid Sampler (CSU PILS-LWCC and NOAA PILS-LWCC) or a mist chamber (MC-LWCC). The instruments were deployed on the NSF C-130 aircraft during WE-CAN 2018 as well as the NASA DC-8 and the NOAA Twin Otter aircraft during FIREX-AQ 2019, where they sampled fresh and moderately aged wildfire plumes. Here, we describe the instruments, calibrations, data analysis, and corrections for baseline drift and hysteresis. Detection limits (3σ) at 365 nm were 1.53 Mm−1 (MC-LWCC; 2.5 min sampling time), 0.89 Mm−1 (CSU PILS-LWCC; 30 s sampling time), and 0.03 Mm−1 (NOAA PILS-LWCC; 30 s sampling time). Measurement uncertainties were 28 % (MC-LWCC), 12 % (CSU PILS-LWCC), and 11 % (NOAA PILS-LWCC). The MC-LWCC system agreed well with offline measurements from filter samples, with a slope of 0.91 and R2 = 0.89. Overall, these instruments provide soluble BrC measurements with specificity and geographical coverage that is unavailable by other methods, but their sensitivity and time resolution can be challenging for aircraft studies where large and rapid changes in BrC concentrations may be encountered.

Phytonematodes Community and Polyphasic Character of Aphelenchoides varicaudatus on Garlic Plants in Tegal Regency, Central Java

The interception of Ditylenchus dipsaci, D. destructor, and Aphelenchoides fragariae, which are classified as quarantine pests, has been reported to occur on imported garlic bulbs used for consumption at several traditional markets in Bogor. This finding should increase awareness of the chance of garlic contamination in Indonesia’s garlic fields. This study aimed to evaluate the nematode community and determine polyphasic characters of Aphelenchoides species from garlic plantations. The study was conducted by sampling soil and plants from garlic plantations in Tuwel and Rembul Villages, Bojong District, Tegal Regency, Central Java in December 2018. Nematode extraction was done using a mist chamber for plant materials and sugar flotation – centrifugation methods for soil samples. Parameters measured included nematode species identity, absolute population and prominence indexes. Nematode identification was conducted based on their morphological characters. Further identification based on morphometric and molecular characters (polyphasic) conducted for nematodes species suspected as quarantine pests. Six generas of nematodes identified were Helicotylenchus, Aphelenchoides, Rotylenchulus, Aphelenchus, Criconemoides, and Tylenchus. Aphelenchoides sp. had the highest prominence value from plant tissue with a value of 6.32 and is categorized as a quarantine pest genus (A. fragariae) in garlic and was further identified to the species level. Further identification based on polyphasic characters showed the Aphelenchoides sp. found was A. varicaudatus.

In vitro Callus Induction and Regeneration of Popular Indica Rice Genotypes

Five rice cultivars viz., ASD 16, White Ponni, Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa Sugandh 4 and Pusa Sugandh 5 belonging to subspecies indica were compared for its ability in callus formation and regeneration. In this experiment, the different parameters viz., the effect of hormones (2,4-D and kinetin), organic supplement (coconut milk O1-CM 100 mll-1, O2-CM 75 mll-1, O3-CM 50 mll-1), explants (seed and immature embryo), media (MS and N6), carbon source (sucrose and maltose) using five genotypes on callus response was studied. The effect of hardening methods was also assessed. Results showed that for enhanced callus induction was with MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 2, 4-D + 0.5 mgl-1 kinetin + 30 gl-1 maltose irrespective of explants used. Addition of 100 ml l-1 coconut milk was found have improvement in callus response. The performance of immature embryo was better than seed for callus induction, emrbyogenic callus formation, rhizogenic callus formation and regeneration. MS media provided superiority over N6. Among the genotypes Pusa Basmati 1 rendered outstanding performance in callus behavior. The treatment combination MS + 2.5 mgl-1 BAP + 0.5 mgl-1 NAA + 1.0 mgl-1 KN gave the highest organogenesis response and regeneration of plantlets. Hardening in mist chamber was recognized as the best method to give the highest per cent of regenerated plant lets.

Influencia del diseño de una cámara de niebla en la deposición de nano-películas delgadas líquidas – prueba de concepto

Diferentes diseños de cámaras de niebla, cuyo propósito es la generación de un fino aerosol, fueron evaluados en términos de su aplicación para la deposición de capas delgadas homogéneas sobre superficies sólidas. El abordaje desarrollado comprende un generador de aerosol que se adapta a las diferentes cámaras estudiadas, lo que se denomina en adelante como cámara de niebla (mist chamber). Particularmente, el foco de interés fue la utilización de pequeños volúmenes de líquidos para la generación de una niebla fina, debido a su importancia en aplicaciones donde la concentración de aerosol y la distribución del tamaño de las gotas deben ser ajustadas a necesidades específicas. Cuatro cámaras de niebla fueron evaluadas y sometidas a pruebas experimentales, con el fin de caracterizar el rendimiento de cada propuesta. Como prueba de concepto para las cámaras de niebla diseñadas, una mezcla líquida de monómeros de base acrílica fue depositada en obleas de silicio y posteriormente polimerizadas mediante un plasma jet a presión atmosférica. Finalmente, un riguroso análisis de la superficie de las capas obtenidas reveló que estas tienen un grosor en el rango nanométrico y presentan un patrón de deposición homogéneo.

Evaluating the Consistency of All Submicron Aerosol Mass Measurements (Total and Speciated) for the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Aircraft Mission (ATom)

&lt;p&gt;The Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) is a widely used instrument to quantify the composition of non-refractory submicron aerosol, in particular, organic aerosol (OA). Past comparisons, particularly of aircraft data in continental areas, have shown good overall agreement with other chemical and optical sensors. Recently, theoretically-based concerns have been raised regarding the overall AMS calibration uncertainties (particularly for OA), although there is no evidence that those apply to aircraft datasets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ATom mission sampled the remote marine troposphere from 87S to 82N and from 0 to 12.5 km over the course of four aircraft deployments over the space of 2 years, carrying an advanced aerosol payload that included particle sizing instruments operated by NOAA ESRL, as well as several chemical sensors: UNH Mist Chamber and Filters for inorganic aerosol, NOAA SP2 for black carbon measurements, NOAA PALMS instrument for single particle composition and the CU aircraft high-resolution AMS for non-refractory submicron mass. This provides a unique opportunity to explore the agreement of the different instruments over a very large range of conditions and calibration regimes, and improve our understanding of the various instrumental uncertainties in field data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Special attention was paid to characterize the AMS size-dependent transmission with in-field calibrations; this provided crucial context when comparing with instruments with very different size cuts. Excellent agreement was found between the AMS calculated volume (including black carbon from the SP2) and the PM1 volume derived from the NOAA particle sizing measurements over three orders of magnitude (slope 0.94). The comparisons for sulfate, OA, and seasalt (the three main components of the remote PM1 aerosol) measured by AMS with the PALMS instrument showed similar consistency once differences in particle detection at different sizes were accounted for. Similarly, comparisons with sulfate from filters showed good consistency once episodes with large supermicron mass were filtered out. Comparisons of the AMS with the mist chamber sulfate were affected by the variable time response of the latter instrument but were overall consistent. Overall, no evidence for AMS calibration artifacts or unknown sources of error was found for these datasets. A comprehensive evaluation of the different sources of uncertainty and their impact on the comparisons was performed, and factors to be considered for performing such intercomparisons and improving the reliability of submicron mass quantification in the future are discussed.&lt;/p&gt;