The Effect of Betulin Diphosphate in Wound Dressings of Bacterial Cellulose-ZnO NPs on Platelet Aggregation and the Activity of Oxidoreductases Regulated by NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H-Balance in Burns on Rats

The inhibition of platelet aggregation, and the activity of oxidoreductases and microhemocirculation in a burn wound on the treatment of burns with wound dressings based on bacterial nanocellulose (BC)-zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs)-betulin diphosphate (BDP) were studied. The control of the treatment by BC-ZnO NPs-BDP on burned rats by the noninvasive DLF method showed an increase in perfusion and the respiratory component in wavelet spectra, characterizing an improvement in oxygen saturation in the wound. The study on the volunteers’ blood found the inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 30–90%. Disaggregation depends on the dose under the action of the ionized form of BDP and ZnO NPs-BDP in a phosphate buffer; it was reversible and had two waves. It was shown on rats that the specific activity of LDHreverse and LDHdirect (control-intact animals) on day 21 of treatment increased by 11–38% and 23%, respectively. The LDHreverse/LDHdirect ratio increased at BC-ZnO NPs-BDP treatment, which characterizes efficient NAD+ regeneration. AlDH activity increased significantly in the first 10 days by 70–170%, reflecting the effectiveness of the enzyme and NAD+ in utilizing toxic aldehydes at this stage of burn disease. The activities of GR and G6PDH using NADP(H) were increased with BC-ZnO NPs-BDP treatment.

Wavelet analysis of the first wave of coronavirus infection in Italy, Germany and UK.

In this work, the wavelet spectra were calculated and analyzed for time series representing the dynamics of new daily cases of coronavirus infection in Italy, Germany and the UK. It was found that the Wavelet spectra for these countries have characteristic three different-scale internal cycles. It is shown that normalized graphs of the mean values of new daily cases of coronavirus infection have the same rate of increase and different rate of decrease.

Wavelet Spectra of a Chirped Gaussian Pulsed-Driven Harmonic Oscillator

We investigate the nature of spectral lines of emitted radiation due to of a non-dissipative single-mode quantized harmonic oscillator (HO) with train of n-chirped Gaussian pulses. Specifically, we analyze the transient emitted spectrum through two window wavelet functions of the radiation detector, namely the Haar wavelet and Morlet wavelet. Computational display of the exact analytical results shows how the driving pulse parameters (strength and number of pulses, chirping, repetition time) act as control knobs to shape the detected emitted spectrum as desired.

QPOs and Orbital elements of X-ray binary 4U 0115+63 during the 2017 outburst observed by Insight-HXMT

In this paper, we presented a detailed timing analysis of a prominent outburst of 4U 0115+63 detected by Insight-HXMT in 2017 August. The spin period of the neutron star was determined to be 3.61398 ± 0.00002 s at MJD 57978. We measured the period variability and extract the orbital elements of the binary system. The angle of periastron evolved with a rate of $0.048^\circ \pm 0.003^\circ \rm \, yr^{-1}$. The light curves are folded to sketch the pulse profiles in different energy ranges. A multi-peak structure in 1-10 keV is clearly illustrated. We introduced wavelet analysis into our data analysis procedures to study QPO signals and perform a detailed wavelet analysis in many different energy ranges. Through the wavelet spectra, we report the discovery of a QPO at the frequency ∼10 mHz. In addition, the X-ray light curves showed multiple QPOs in the period of ∼16 − 32 s and ∼67 − 200 s. We found that the ∼100 s QPO was significant in most of the observations and energies. There exist positive relations between X-ray luminosity and their Q-factors and S-factors, while the QPO periods have no correlation with X-ray luminosity. In wavelet phase maps, we found that the pulse phase of ∼67 − 200 s QPO drifting frequently while the ∼16 − 32 s QPO scarcely drifting. The dissipation of oscillations from high energy to low energy was also observed. These features of QPOs in 4U 0115+63 provide new challenge to our understanding of their physical origins.

Wavelet analysis of the dynamics of waves of coronavirus infection in France, Sweden and Chine.

In this work, the wavelet spectra were calculated and studied for time series representing the dynamics of the new cases of coronavirus infection in France, Sweden and China. It was found that the Wavelet spectra for these countries have characteristic different-scale internal cycles, the number of which depends on the nature of the quarantine activities. It was detected that structure of the Wavelet spectra, their duration is practically independent of the geographic location, density and population size.

Significance and Causality in Continuous Wavelet and Wavelet Coherence Spectra Applied to Hydrological Time Series

Wavelet transform, wavelet spectra, and coherence are popular tools for studying fluctuations in time series in the form of a bidimensional time and scale representation. We discuss two aspects of wavelet analysis—namely the significance and stochastic/deterministic character of the wavelet spectra. Real-time series of discharge, sodium, and sulfate concentrations in the alpine Rhône River, Switzerland, are used to illustrate these issues. First, the consequences of using an arbitrary stochastic process (usually, AR (1)) instead of the best-fitted general ARMA process in the evaluation of the significance of wavelet spectra are analyzed. Using a general ARMA instead of AR (1) decreases the significance level of the differences in wavelet power spectra (WPS) of ARMA and AR (1) compared to the WPS of the time series in all cases studied and points to a possible systematic overestimation of significance in many published studies. Besides, the significance of particular patches in the spectra is affected by multiple testing. A (conservative) way to circumvent this problem, using global wavelet spectra and global coherence spectra, is evaluated. Finally, we discuss the issue of causality and investigated it in the three measured time series mentioned above. Even if the use of the best fitted ARMA pointed to no deterministic features being present in the corrected series studied (i.e., stochastic processes are dominant in the three data series), coherence spectra between variables allowed to reveal cause-effect relationships between two “coherent” variables and/or the existence of a common effect on both variables. Therefore, such type of analysis provides a useful tool to better understand data causal relationships.