How Employed Students Lived the Covid-19 Lockdown in Romania

This paper draws on the conceptual framework of “time poverty” to explore how employed students, a group much affected by “time poverty”, experienced changes in time allocation during the COVID-19 lockdown in Romania. Findings of a mixed-method study indicate that working and non-working students perceived and engaged differently with this sudden increase in discretionary time. Compared to non-working students, working students, welcomed this newly acquired time and saw it as an opportunity to engage in both education and self-growth activities. They also show higher levels of engagement with educational activities and an increased sense of satisfaction resulting from this engagement, as well as higher levels of wellbeing. This quick reorientation clearly reveals that time poverty is a barrier to education and personal well-being for working students.

Time Poverty and Parenthood: Who Has Time for College?

Student parents are among the least likely student groups to complete college. Regression models were run using 2003–2019 American Time Use Survey data to explore time poverty among college students. Results indicate that students with children under 13 years had significantly less discretionary time and free time, spent significantly less time on their education, enrolled part-time at significantly higher rates, and spent significantly more time studying while simultaneously caring for children, compared with students without children under 13 years. The strength of these relationships was strongest when children were younger. Parents with children under 6 years, and mothers of children of all age-groups, had significantly higher time poverty than other groups, yet spent significantly more time on education after controlling for discretionary time, at the cost of significantly less free time for themselves. Results suggest that improving college outcomes for student parents may require consideration of time poverty.

DYNAMIC MANAGERIAL CAPABILITIES AS ANTECEDENT OF CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL

Current studies on Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE) present organisational boundaries, discretionary time, rewards/reinforcements, work discretion and management support as antecedents of CE. This ignores the fact that all these variables are a managerial function in organisations. Furthermore, considering these variables at the same predictor level as management support, has contributed to entrepreneurship coordination challenges for organisations. To address this predicament through the lens of dynamic capabilities, we submit a conceptual model that considers dynamic managerial capabilities as antecedents of CE.

Balance in time use and life satisfaction of older people in Korea

This paper explores the relationship between the way older people use their time and well-being in later life in Korea, applying the ‘life balance framework’. This framework was developed to examine how patterns of time use change across the life course in terms of the balance between constraints (constrained time), freedom of choice (discretionary time) and time spent on biological maintenance (regenerative time), this paper illustrates how the time use of Korean people aged 65 and older varies by gender, age, and economic activity status. Using data from the 2014 Korean Time Use Survey, the study shows that the balance in time use in Korea shifts towards having greater discretionary and less constrained time in later life as shown in previous studies in other countries such as the UK, yet with a considerably larger gender gap which persists even in very old ages. More importantly, the study found a negative relationship between having too much discretionary time and older people’s level of life satisfaction, which supports the assumption of the life balance framework that having too much free time can also be detrimental to well-being.

Ordeals, women and gender justice

Rationing health care by ordeals is likely to have different effects on women and men, and on distinct groups of women. I show how such putative effects of ordeals are relevant to achieving gender justice. I explain why some ordeals may disproportionately set back women’s interest in discretionary time, health and access to health care, and may undermine equality of opportunity for positions of advantage. Some ordeals protect the interests of the worse-off women yet set back the interests of better-off women in equal opportunities. I suggest how we can use ordeal design to advance particular aims of gender justice.

The CHEOPS Guaranteed Time Observing Programme

<div class="">Launched on 18 December 2019, CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite) is the first exoplanet mission dedicated to the search for transits of exoplanets by means of ultrahigh precision photometry of bright stars already known to host planets. It is the first S-(small) class mission in ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015-2025, and a partnership between Switzerland and ESA, with important contributions from 10 other member states.<br class="" /><br class="" />CHEOPS will provide the unique capability of determining accurate radii for a subset of planets in the super-Earth to Neptune mass range, for which masses have already been estimated from ground- based spectroscopic surveys. It will also provide precision radii for new planets discovered by ground- and space-based transit surveys, including TESS. By combining known masses with CHEOPS sizes, it will be possible to determine accurate densities for these smaller planets, providing key insight into their composition and internal structure. By identifying transiting exoplanets with high potential for in-depth characterisation – e.g. those that are potentially rocky and have thin atmospheres - CHEOPS will also provide prime targets for future instruments suited to the spectroscopic characterisation of exoplanetary atmospheres.</div> <div class=""> </div> <div class="">80 % of the obsering time in the 3.5 year nominal mission lifetime on the satellite is dedicated to the Guaranteed Time Observing Programme defined by the CHEOPS Science Team. The remaining 20% is available to the Community through the ESA Guest Observers Programme, which comprises annual calls and a discretionary time component.   </div> <div class=""> </div> <div class=""> <div class="">In this second poster in a series of three,  we present an overview of the CHEOPS Guaranteed Time Observing Programme as  defined by the CHEOPS Science Team. </div> </div>

What is CHEOPS?

<p>Launched on 18 December 2019, CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite) is the first exoplanet mission dedicated to the search for transits of exoplanets by means of ultrahigh precision photometry of bright stars already known to host planets. It is S-(small) class mission in ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015-2025, and a partnership between Switzerland and ESA, with important contributions from 10 other member states.<br class="" /><br class="" />CHEOPS will provide the unique capability of determining accurate radii for a subset of planets in the super-Earth to Neptune mass range, for which masses have already been estimated from ground- based spectroscopic surveys. It will also provide precision radii for new planets discovered by ground- and space-based transit surveys, including TESS. By combining known masses with CHEOPS sizes, it will be possible to determine accurate densities for these smaller planets, providing key insight into their composition and internal structure. By identifying transiting exoplanets with high potential for in-depth characterisation – e.g. those that are potentially rocky and have thin atmospheres - CHEOPS will also provide prime targets for future instruments suited to the spectroscopic characterisation of exoplanetary atmospheres.<br class="" /><br class="" /></p> <div class="">80 % of the obsering time in the 3.5 year nominal mission lifetime on the satellite is dedicated to the Guaranteed Time Observing Programme defined by the CHEOPS Science Team. The remaining 20% is available to the Community through the ESA Guest Observers Programme, which comprises annual calls and a discretionary time component.   </div> <div class=""> </div> <p>In this first poster in a series of three, we present an overview of the mission, including its capabilities and scientific performances.</p>

Community Access to CHEOPS

<p>Launched on 18 December 2019, CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite) is the first exoplanet mission dedicated to the search for transits of exoplanets by means of ultrahigh precision photometry of bright stars already known to host planets. It is the first S-(small) class mission in ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015-2025, and a partnership between Switzerland and ESA, with important contributions from 10 other member states.<br class="" /><br class="" />CHEOPS will provide the unique capability of determining accurate radii for a subset of planets in the super-Earth to Neptune mass range, for which masses have already been estimated from ground- based spectroscopic surveys. It will also provide precision radii for new planets discovered by ground- and space-based transit surveys, including TESS. By combining known masses with CHEOPS sizes, it will be possible to determine accurate densities for these smaller planets, providing key insight into their composition and internal structure. By identifying transiting exoplanets with high potential for in-depth characterisation – e.g. those that are potentially rocky and have thin atmospheres - CHEOPS will also provide prime targets for future instruments suited to the spectroscopic characterisation of exoplanetary atmospheres.<br class="" /><br class="" /></p> <div class="">80 % of the obsering time in the 3.5 year nominal mission lifetime on the satellite is dedicated to the Guaranteed Time Observing Programme defined by the CHEOPS Science Team. The remaining 20% is available to the Community through the ESA Guest Observers Programme, which comprises annual calls and a discretionary time component.   </div> <div class=""> </div> <div class="">In this final poster in a series of three, we provide an overview of Community Access to CHEOPS, with an emphasis on the CHEOPS Guest Observers Programme.</div>

Volunteering and Leisure Activity in the United Kingdom: A Longitudinal Analysis of Males and Females

Theory recognizes the need to account for the allocation of time across activities as a potential constraint on volunteering. Drawing on the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), for the first time, this article examines the decision to volunteer by males and females accounting for their engagement in other leisure activities that also involve discretionary time. Instrumental variable panel-data estimates reveal that it is only for females that volunteering is influenced by the choice of other leisure activities. This implies that males have more autonomy over their volunteering decision relative to their other leisure behavior compared with females. For males, this greater autonomy suggests that volunteering is more closely linked to the concept of “serious leisure” and a form of work as it is more distinct from other leisure activities. These differences have implications for volunteer recruitment.