structural problem
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2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Maritza Satama-Bermeo ◽  
David Alejandro Singaña-Tapia

In Ecuador, since 2017, the representativeness of full employment had been showing a decline among the number of employed persons in rural and urban areas. This structural problem joins a break in economic growth of the country and the region. In this sense, this study aims to highlight the factors that determine access to non-full employment of young people in rural areas. For this, the estimation of a probit model is carried out. The results show the need to establish differentiated policies for access to full employment for rural youth.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1207-1213
Author(s):  
Marina A. Skvortsova ◽  
Elena V. Zotova ◽  
Irina V. Dragunova ◽  
Maria M. Malyasova

Author(s):  
Sigurd Allern ◽  
Ester Pollack

The global #MeToo movement exposed the widespread structural problem of sexual harassment, which was also the case in Sweden and Norway. Across the various sectors of working life, women were able to identify with the call. This perspective, however, was under- mined in the public sphere when person-centred scandal stories about a few powerholders and media celebrities took over. In addition, a lack of verifiable documentation – and uncritical use of anonymous sources – ignited renewed debates about the ethical standards of professional journalism. This article discusses two alleged #MeToo cases: Aftonbladet’s dramatic and unfounded accusations against the theatre CEO Benny Fredriksson and VG’s misuse and manipulation of a “bar-dance” episode involving the Norwegian Labour politician Trond Giske. Both media stories developed into “critical incidents”, resulting in public criticism, self-examination and discussions around ethical rules and regulation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-376
Author(s):  
Yassin Eltahir ◽  
Ahmed Abdelmotlab ◽  
ElSiddig Yousif Mohammed Mousa ◽  
Fuad Yousif

The problem of this study is how to make a link between four studies, which reflect how they integrated to make one pound study, or how they are aligned together in order to explain and interept the chanalenges facing the sudan economy. So study is aggregation to four studies by using meta-analysis method which is suitable for intergrating studies with the aim of elaborating main stream focusing in how the different studies under consideration reaching same results with different methods. Hence here the study seeks for increasing the power of testing the main question of the study which is the challenge that faced the Sudan economy particularly the structural distortion of economic variables. The study gathered the results of the four mentioned studies which are almost concerned with the exchange rate. The results confirmed the structural problem which faced the Sudan economy, while meta-analysis results assured and empowered the hypothesis of the study in terms of significant effect size. Moreover, the results consolidated the similarity of the studies in manipulating the problem of this study. In addition to that the heterogeneity stems from differences in the effect size of each study rather than differences in the sample sizes of the studies. Finally the study of exchange rate volatility has greater effect size, next to the study of estimating the error correction of exchange rate model while the studies of appropriate estimator of exchange rate and profitability of commercial banks have slight and insignificant effect size. Finally the different results assure the convenientability of meta analysis in reflecting the chellenges that faced the Sudanese economy and their ramifications, then accordingly the suggested remedies which may help in tackling the matter.


Author(s):  
Josep Maria Pons

Galileo (1564-1642), in his well-known Discorsi (Galileo, 1638), briefly turning his attention to the fracture of a beam, starts an interesting discussion on the beam’s breakage as well as its location. Could the section and breaking point of a beam have been determined beforehand? Furthermore, is it specific to the material? What Galileo did was not merely challenge a physics problem, but the prevailing knowledge of his time: namely, Aristotelianism on one hand, and Nominalism on the other. As a matter of fact, must the breakage of an element be treated as a universal or is it particular to a given material? The present essay aims to prove how Galileo, confronting the structural problem and bringing it into the realm of science, was not just raising a problem but, using Salviati’s words, he also established what actually takes place. Many years later, with the progress of physics, strength of materials and theory of structures, figures such as Claude Navier (1785-1836) and Benoît Clapeyron (1799-1864) confirmed once again that the Pisan turned out to be right. This article intends to combine technical fields such as strength of materials and theory of structures with others like the history of science and philosophy proper. A cooperative approach to these disciplines can be doubtlessly helpful to improve the knowledge, learning and teaching of their different curricula, giving the reader a global, holistic perspective.  


Author(s):  
THIMO HEISENBERG

Abstract It is widely known that Hegel's Philosophy of Right recognizes poverty as one of the central problems of modern civil society. What is much less well known, however, is that Hegel sees yet another structural problem at the opposite side of the economic spectrum: a problem of affluence. Indeed, as I show in this essay, Hegel's text contains a detailed—yet sometimes overlooked—discussion of the detrimental psychological and sociological effects of great wealth and how to counter them. By bringing this discussion to the fore, we get a more complete picture of Hegel's theory of civil society (and of some of its central concepts, such as ‘the rabble') and shed light on an aspect of Hegel's social philosophy that speaks to problems we face today.


Global Focus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-149
Author(s):  
Nia Lavinia

In analyzing armed conflict, or any other political violence, it must be viewed as something that didn't emerge from the void. Violence cannot be explained by one variable only, such as ideology or objective reality. Both variables intertwined and justified one another. This article attempts to demonstrate how those variables justify such political violence in Columbia. This article concluded that aside from encouraging violence, an acute structural problem, as demonstrated by inequality or injustice, also provides an ideal condition for the formation of the FARC that embodied Marxism-Leninism ideas. The intertwined Ideology and Structural Problem justifies terror and violence conducted by FARC. Terror and violence are viewed as the only effective tactics in a situation where demobilization and political struggle through peaceful means only produce destruction for them.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Dillon ◽  
Tilman Plehn ◽  
Christof Sauer ◽  
Peter Sorrenson

Autoencoders as tools behind anomaly searches at the LHC have the structural problem that they only work in one direction, extracting jets with higher complexity but not the other way around. To address this, we derive classifiers from the latent space of (variational) autoencoders, specifically in Gaussian mixture and Dirichlet latent spaces. In particular, the Dirichlet setup solves the problem and improves both the performance and the interpretability of the networks.


2021 ◽  
pp. 019145372110349
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ferrara

This article discusses Jürgen Habermas’s latest book Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie from the specific angle of what the section on Rawls indicates about the overall philosophical project pursued by Habermas. This tiny element within the imposing architecture reveals a structural problem that affects Habermas’s program for a detranscendentalization of reason. After a general premise, Habermas’s appraisal of Rawls’s work is reconstructed and critically examined (Section 1). Then, in the guise of a Rawlsian rejoinder, a problematic understanding of pluralism is shown to undergird Habermas’s overlooking of the ground-breaking potential of the normativity of ‘the reasonable’ and ‘the most reasonable’ (Section 2). Finally, this neglect is argued to be indicative of a deeper lacuna: namely, a missing confrontation with Wittgenstein’s rival path to a postmetaphysical, intersubjective, detranscentendalized reason (Section 3). That lacuna, finally, invites a closer scrutiny of the overall genealogical picture and its central opposition between two pathways (related to Kant and Hume) to the postmetaphysicization of reason.


CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Rui Bai, Et al.

With the development of information technology, Industrial Big Data Analysis (BDA) has become the most important link in China's E-commerce, but the development of BDA in China's E-commerce has been greatly restricted by talents. The main reason is that the specialty of Industrial BDA and the practicality of E-commerce are difficult to be well integrated in China's existing education system, which is due to the very special development history of E-commerce in China. The training of talents for E-commerce BDA has become a structural problem in China.


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