Organ donation: A study of its representations among organ procurement coordinators and their staff

Making the life-saving treatment of transplantation available to patients who need it re-quires the cooperation of individuals and families who decide to donate organs. Healthcare workers navigate organizational, bureaucratic and relational aspects of this process, including cases in which a deceased individual has not specified a wish about organ donation and their surviving family members must be asked for consent to donate during a delicate phase of mourning. This research aims to understand the experience of these health workers regarding their work. We collected 18 interviews from organ donation healthcare workers in five of the major hospitals in Rome. The transcripts underwent a multivariate text analysis to identify the repre-sentations of organ donation and the symbolic categories organizing the practice of these workers. This research elucidated a symbolic space constructed of four factors: the "Context", in-volving family and health workers; the "Work purposes", including the procedures and the relationships; the "Transplant", which involves omnipotence and limits; the "Donation", which involves ideals versus reality. The characterizing elements of these representations, belonging to organ donation work-ers, are the prestige, the certification of brain death, the communication, the transplant, and the salvation. In the lives of these workers, to be a "bridge between life and death2 evokes feelings of prestige rather than difficult feelings associated with confronting one's limitations. These aspects concern the difficulties met by the health staff in their work, and they are useful ele-ments to design a focused training and support program for organ donor workers.

DATA EXTRACTION FROM PASSWORD PROTECTED MOBILE PHONE BY USING CHIP-OFF METHOD –A FORENSIC CASE STUDY

The current digital era is full of digital devices and to ensure the safety of their data, users utilize the protective armor of passwords using the fingerprints lock, face lock, pin codes and password locks. The trial-and-error method possesses an infinite possibility of passwords in patterns/ pin locks for unlocking the devices. The levels of security ensure that only a limited number of trials are possible before any device blocks itself or makes unlocking harder. In these circumstances, especially when a victim is a deceased person (e. g. an abetment in suicide case), the password is practically impossible to attain through the authorities. However, the data can be retrieved with the unique and distinctive method of Chip-off analysis. In this study, a password protected mobile phone was retrieved from a deceased individual and only the analysis of his/her mobile could lead to investigative insights for catching the perpetrator. The Chip-off method has several difficulties and a password/ pin protected device increases the difficulties for analysis several folds. This study highlights the significance of chip-off analysis in achieving accurate importing and extraction of maximum data along with the use of the hardware/software, MSAB, XRY and other software.

Family members, ambulance clinicians and attempting CPR in the community: the ethical and legal imperative to reach collaborative consensus at speed

Here we present the personal perspectives of two authors on the important and unfortunately frequent scenario of ambulance clinicians facing a deceased individual and family members who do not wish them to attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We examine the professional guidance and the protection provided to clinicians, which is not matched by guidance to protect family members. We look at the legal framework in which these scenarios are taking place, and the ethical issues which are presented. We consider the interaction between ethics, clinical practice and the law, and offer suggested changes to policy and guidance which we believe will protect ambulance clinicians, relatives and the patient.

Lively Effigies

This article will explore the function of printed “effigies” in the second half of the seventeenth century. The title is taken from Samuel Clarke’s frequently reprinted and enlarged compendium, The Marrow of Ecclesiastical Historie, conteined in the Lives of the Fathers, and other Learned Men, and Famous Divines, . . . Together with the Livelie Effigies of most of the Eminentest of them cut in Copper. The term “effigy” is a Janus word, meaning both a representation of a specific deceased individual as a celebratory memorial marker, and as a hated figure intended to be destroyed, such as Guy Fawkes. The article will examine what ways effigial images found in broadsides and books lay claim to the reader or viewer’s attention, and explore how are they used to communicate complex meanings about memory and erasure, even in inexpensive ephemeral publications.

The Odd, the Unusual, and the Strange

While death and dying are universal, the treatment of the dead is culturally and temporally specific, highlighting the influence of both the deceased individual and the living community within the mortuary process. This volume focuses specifically on non-normative or atypical mortuary practices situated within a contextually driven understanding of social and cultural norms surrounding the process of interment. Each chapter compares and contrasts the various elements of these mortuary treatments (e.g., body position, body orientation, artifact inclusion) and how they may represent specific ideological and/or cultural notions of identity and personhood after death (e.g., age, sex, gender, status, health). Care is taken to avoid simple binary classifications of “typical” and “atypical” by considering the range of mortuary treatments that characterize each society. Drawing on examples from North and South America, Europe, and Asia, this comprehensive volume stresses the commonality between non-normative or atypical treatments spanning millennia. Additionally, this volume strives to employ a holistic understanding of non-normative burials both in terms of assessing the significance and interpretation of individual cases of atypical interments, as well as to better understand the overall phenomenon of these mortuary practices, which continue to be the source of fascination and debate within mortuary archaeology.

Death-Related Grief and Disenfranchised Identity: A Communication Approach

The death of a significant person in one’s life forces individuals to engage in a number of grief-related tasks, including reconstructing a narrative about the relationship, resituating their relationship with the deceased individual, and developing a new sense of self post-loss. The dominant narrative of grief, however, generally assumes that the experience is a finite, linear process of detachment. Given past research challenging the reality of that experience, we draw upon Doka’s (2002) theory of disenfranchised grief to propose that grief is not only a possible temporary state of disenfranchisement, but rather a perpetual, ongoing state of being disenfranchised. This condition is primarily maintained by the need to constantly navigate the lines between the dominant narrative of grief upheld in a given culture and one’s personal experience and performance of it. We propose a narrative approach to the concept of grief as a potential solution to this problem, and outline several new potential avenues for research on grief.

Analisis Kestabilan dan Kontrol Optimal Model Matematika Penyebaran Penyakit Ebola dengan Penanganan Medis

Ebola disease is one of an infectious disease caused by a virus. Ebola disease can be transmitted through direct contact with Ebola’s patient, infected medical equipment, and contact with the deceased individual. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the stability of equilibriums and to apply the optimal control of treatment on the mathematical model of the spread of Ebola with medical treatment. Model without control has two equilibria, namely non-endemic equilibrium (E0) and endemic equilibrium (E1) The existence of endemic equilibrium and local stability depends on the basic reproduction number (R0). The non-endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if R0 < 1 and endemic equilibrium tend to asymptotically stable if R0 >1 . The problem of optimal control is then solved by Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle. From the numerical simulation result, it is found that the control is effective to minimize the number of the infected human population and the number of the infected human with medical treatment population compare without control.

Commemorating Dwelling: The Death and Burial of Houses in Iron and Viking Age Scandinavia

Current debates on the ontology of objects and matter have reinvigorated archaeological theoretical discourse and opened a multitude of perspectives on understanding the past, perspectives which have only just begun to be explored in scholarship on Late Iron Age Scandinavia. This article is a critical discussion of the sporadic tradition of covering longhouses and halls with burial mounds in the Iron and Viking ages. After having stood as social markers in the landscape for decades or even centuries, some dwellings were transformed into mortuary monuments — material and mnemonic spaces of the dead. Yet, was it the house or a deceased individual that was being interred and memorialized? Through an exploration of buildings that have been overlain by burial mounds, and by drawing on theoretical debates about social biographies and the material turn, this article illuminates mortuary citations between houses and bodies in Late Iron Age Scandinavia. Ultimately, I question the assumed anthropocentricity of the practice of burying houses. Rather, I suggest that the house was interwoven with the essence of the household and that the transformation of the building was a mortuary citation not necessarily of an individual, but of the entire, entangled social meshwork of the house.