Characterization of the Cannabis sativa glandular trichome proteome

Cannabis sativa has been cultivated since antiquity as a source of fibre, food and medicine. The recent resurgence of C. sativa as a cash crop is mainly driven by the medicinal and therapeutic properties of its resin, which contains compounds that interact with the human endocannabinoid system. Compared to other medicinal crops of similar value, however, little is known about the biology of C. sativa. Glandular trichomes are small hair-like projections made up of stalk and head tissue and are responsible for the production of the resin in C. sativa. Trichome productivity, as determined by C. sativa resin yield and composition, is only beginning to be understood at the molecular level. In this study the proteomes of glandular trichome stalks and heads, were investigated and compared to the proteome of the whole flower tissue, to help further elucidate C. sativa glandular trichome biochemistry. The data suggested that the floral tissue acts as a major source of carbon and energy to the glandular trichome head sink tissue, supplying sugars which drive secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The trichome stalk seems to play only a limited role in secondary metabolism and acts as both source and sink.

Characterization of the Cannabis sativa glandular trichome proteome

Cannabis sativa has been cultivated since antiquity as a source of fibre, food and medicine. The recent resurgence of Cannabis as a cash crop is mainly driven by the medicinal and therapeutic properties of its resin, which contains compounds that interact with the human endocannabinoid system. Compared to other medicinal crops of similar value, however, little is known about the biology of C. sativa. Glandular trichomes are small hair-like projections made up of stalk and head tissue and are responsible for the production of the resin in C. sativa. Trichome productivity, as determined by Cannabis sativa resin yield and composition, is only beginning to be understood at the molecular level. In this study the proteomes of glandular trichome stalks and heads, were investigated and compared to the proteome of the whole flower tissue, to help elucidate Cannabis sativa glandular trichome biochemistry. The data suggested that the floral tissue acts as a major source of carbon and energy to the glandular trichome head sink tissue, supplying sugars which drive secondary metabolite biosynthesis in the glandular trichome head; the location of the secretory cells. The trichome stalk seems to play only a limited role in secondary metabolism and acts as both source and sink.

Allelic composition of the TaCwi-A1 and TaSus2-2В genes affecting grain weight in the collection of winter wheat cultivars

Grain yield is closely associated with kernel weight. Cell wall invertase (CWI) and sucrose synthase (SUS) are one of the most important enzymes for sink tissue development and carbon partition, and has a high association with kernel weight. Allellic composition of the TaCwi-A1 and TaSus2-2В loci was tested in 79 winter wheat cultivars using a co-dominant markers CWI21- CWI22, which amplified 404 or 402-bp and Sus2-185/589H2- Sus2-227/589L2, which amplified 423 or 381-bp fragments in different wheat accessions respectively. Some samples carried the mutation in the TaCwi-A1 locus that negatively affects thousand-kernel weight (TKW) were shown to have TKW higher than the cultivars and lines that do not have this mutation in their genomes and despite the significant differences in TKW (from 39,4 to 59,8 g), all investigated varieties possess Hap- L haplotype. It can be attributed to the fact that the TaCwi-A1 and TaSus2-2В are only two of the genes associated with kernel weight and its allelic composition analysis cannot explain all phenotypic variances.

Dicotyledons lacking the multisubunit form of the herbicide-target enzyme acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase may be restricted to the family Geraniaceae

This paper originates from a presentation at the International Conference on Assimilate Transport and Partitioning, Newcastle, NSW, August 1999 The aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide haloxyfop is transported in the phloem to the sink tissue where, in certain species, it disrupts the production of lipids that are essential for the functioning of membranes and organelles involved in the assimilation, partitioning and transport of carbon. Haloxyfop inhibits a key regulatory enzyme of lipid synthesis, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase), in species that lack a herbicide-insensitive multisubunit (MS) form of ACCase found in most plants. The absence of MS-ACCase, and sensitivity to haloxyfop, was considered to be restricted to monocotyledons in the family Gramineae but has recently been demonstrated for the dicotyledon Erodium moschatum (Geraniaceae). Species related to E. moschatum were examined to determine how widespread this phenomenon is among dicotyledons. In the two families most closely related to the Geraniaceae, four species in the Oxalidaceae and one species in the Tropaeolaceae respectively retained MS-ACCase. Within the family Geraniaceae, certain species in the genera Erodium and Pelargonium, but not those in the genus Geranium, have lost MS-ACCase, indicating that this phenomenon may be restricted to Erodium and Pelargonium. When treated with 104 g ai ha–1 haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, plants of all 15 species retaining MS-ACCase were resistant while 8 out of 13 species lacking MS-ACCase were susceptible. It is noteworthy that five species lacking MS-ACCase were nonetheless resistant. The mechanism(s) of resistance in such species remains to be determined.