Phenolic Acid LC/MS Profile of Chenopodium rubrum and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity

The phenolic acids content of methanolic extracts before and after acidic hydrolysis of different morphological parts of Chenopodium rubrum was determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Overall eleven phenolic acids were detected and quantified. The most common were p-coumaric, ferulic and salicylic acids, which were present in all analyzed extracts. Gallic, caffeic, vanillic, syringic and sinapic acids were found in bound forms. Gentisic acid was most abundant in roots (3.7 mg/100g d.w.), syringic acid in stalks (2.9 mg/100 g d.w.), ferulic acid in leaves (6.0 mg/100g d.w.), and protocatechuic acid in seeds (2.3 mg/100g d.w.). The highest concentration of examined acids was found in leaves (19.1 mg/100g d.w.) and roots (10.0 mg/100g d.w.). Cytotoxic activity of extracts was tested against human cancer cell lines HTB 140, WM 793, Du 145 and normal PNT2 cells. Only the seed extract showed activity against malignant melanoma WM 793 cell line (69.6 ± 0.7% of dead cells at 100 μg/mL).

Application of sonication-assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in Chenopodium rubrum L

Chenopodium rubrum belongs to the plant species in which standard Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedures remain inefficient. We demonstrate that the employment of sonication-assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (SAAT) effectively enhanced transient expression of GUS gene coding for b-glucuronidase in Chenopodium rubrum. Further the results indicated that the age of seedlings is one of the limiting factors affecting the potency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection. Histochemical detection of b-glucuronidase activity revealed that two-days-old seedlings were much more susceptible to infection than ten-days-old ones. According to our results SAAT technology could provide an efficient tool for obtaining stable transformants when applied to two-days-old seedlings of Chenopodium rubrum.

Effect of gibberellic acid on total antioxidant activity during Chenopodium rubrum L. ontogenesis invitro

Total antioxidant activity (TAA) represents the combined ability of diverse antioxidants present in a sample of plant material to scavenge free radicals. Chenopodium rubrum L. sel. 184 is a qualitatively short-day plant; as an early-flowering species, it is a suitable object for studying ontogenesis in vitro. We investigated the effect of GA3 (5 mg/l) on TAA during C. rubrum ontogenesis under two different inductive photoperiodic regimes in vitro. Total antioxidant activ?ity does not change in different phases of C. rubrum ontogenesis under the same photoperiodic treatment. Exposure to continuous irradiation caused an increase of TAA in both C. rubrum plants and collected matured seeds. Gibberellic acid stimulated stem elongation, but did not affect leaf development or the number of matured seeds per plant, regardless of photoperiodic treatment; it induced a decrease of TAA in C. rubrum plants regardless of photoperiodic treatment or the phase of development, while it had no effect on TAA of matured seeds.