scholarly journals Four Bosons EM Conservation Laws

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 40-92
Author(s):  
R. M. Doria ◽  
I. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Potential Fields ◽  
Vector Bosons ◽  
Coulomb Law ◽  
Mass Terms ◽  
Space Time Evolution

Electromagnetism is expressed from two basic postulates. They are light invarianceand charge conservation. At this work one extends the Maxwell scenario from macroscopic to microscopic electromagnetism by following the elementary particles electric charge microscopic behavior. It yields a triune electric charge interrelationship. Three charges {+, 0, −} be exchanged through a vector bosons quadruplet. It is called Four Bosons Electromagnetism. A systemic EM physics appears to be understood. Maxwell photon is not enough for describing the microscopic electric charge physics. An extension for  electromagnetic energy is obtained. The fields quadruplet {Aµ, Uµ, Vµ±} are the porters of electromagnetic energy. They are the usual photon Aµ, massive photon Uµ and two charged photons Vµ±, A new understanding on EM phenomena has to be considered. A set determinism based on granular and collective fields is developed. A space-time evolution associated to a whole.Conservation laws are studied. The EM phenomena is enlarged to three charges interchanges to {+, 0, −}. Two novelties appear. New features on nonlinear fields acting as own sources and on electric charge physics. Properties as conservation, conduction, transmission, interaction are extended to a systemic electromagnetism. A whole conservation law for electric charge emerges from three charges interwoven. Electric charge has a systemic behavior. Although there is no Coulomb law for zero electric charge, the Four Bosons Electromagnetism contains an EM energy which provides a neutral electromagnetism. Particles with zero charge {Aµ, Uµ} are carrying EM energy. Another consideration is on EM energy being transported by four nonlinear fields. A new physicality appears. The abelian nonlinearity generates fields charges. Fields are working as own sources through mass terms, trilinear and quadrilinear interactions, spin couplings. Consequently the photon is more than being a consequence from electric charge oscillations. It is able to generate its own charge. Introduce the meaning of photonics.Thus, electric charge is no more the isolate electromagnetic source. There are another conservation laws. Fields sources appear through corresponding equations of motion, Bianchi identities, energy-momentum, Noether laws and angular momentum conservation laws. They move EM to a fields charges dependence. Together with electric charge they carrythe electromagnetic flux. Supporting the Ahranov-Bohm experiment of potential fields as primitive entities.

Conservation laws

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Deruelle ◽  
Jean-Philippe Uzan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Conserved Quantities ◽  
Angular Momentum Conservation ◽  
Third Law ◽  
The Law

This chapter defines the conserved quantities associated with an isolated dynamical system, that is, the quantities which remain constant during the motion of the system. The law of momentum conservation follows directly from Newton’s third law. The superposition principle for forces allows Newton’s law of motion for a body Pa acted on by other bodies Pa′ in an inertial Cartesian frame S. The law of angular momentum conservation holds if the forces acting on the elements of the system depend only on the separation of the elements. Finally, the conservation of total energy requires in addition that the forces be derivable from a potential.

scholarly journals Cosmological bounds on sub-GeV dark vector bosons from electromagnetic energy injection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Coffey ◽  
Lindsay Forestell ◽  
David E. Morrissey ◽  
Graham White
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Vector Bosons

scholarly journals New cosmological solutions in hybrid metric-Palatini gravity from dynamical symmetries

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150100
Author(s):  
Andronikos Paliathanasis
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Integrable Systems ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Analytic Solutions ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Dynamical Symmetries ◽  
Cosmological Solutions ◽  
Liouville Integrable

We investigate the existence of Liouville integrable cosmological models in hybrid metric-Palatini theory. Specifically, we use the symmetry conditions for the existence of quadratic in the momentum conservation laws for the field equations as constraint conditions for the determination of the unknown functional form of the theory. The exact and analytic solutions of the integrable systems found in this study are presented in terms of quadratics and Laurent expansions.

Inconsistency of conservation laws for the baryon number and electric charge with the conception of black holes

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 359-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Gershtein ◽  
A. A. Logunov ◽  
M. A. Mestvirishvili
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Baryon Number

Lagrangian equations of motion. Conservation laws

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-174
Author(s):  
Gleb L. Kotkin ◽  
Valeriy G. Serbo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Coordinate Transformation ◽  
Virial Theorem ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Electromechanical System ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Integral Of Motion ◽  
Lagrangian Functions ◽  
Lagrangian Equations

This chapter addresses the invariance of the Lagrangian equations of motion under the coordinate to transformation, the transformation of the energy and generalised momenta under the coordinate transformation. The integrals of motion for a particle moving in the field with a given symmetry to the Noether’s theorem, the Lagrangian functions, and the Lagrangian equations of motion for the electromechanical system. The authors also discuss the influence of constraints and friction on the motion of a system, the virial theorem and its generalization in the presents of a magnetic field, and an additional integral of motion for a system of three interacting particles.

scholarly journals Exact solutions and conservation laws for the modified equal width-Burgers equation

Open Physics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaudry Masood Khalique ◽  
Innocent Simbanefayi
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Burgers Equation ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Travelling Wave Solutions ◽  
Lie Symmetry Method ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Symmetry Method ◽  
Conservation Theorem

AbstractIn this paper we study the modified equal width-Burgers equation, which describes long wave propagation in nonlinear media with dispersion and dissipation. Using the Lie symmetry method in conjunction with the (G'/G)− expansion method we construct its travelling wave solutions. Also, we determine the conservation laws by invoking the new conservation theorem due to Ibragimov. As a result we obtain energy and linear momentum conservation laws.

scholarly journals Energy–Momentum Pseudotensor and Superpotential for Generally Covariant Theories of Gravity of General Form

Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Roman Ilin ◽  
Sergey Paston
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Wide Class ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
General Covariance ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Theories Of Gravity ◽  
Generally Covariant ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Mimetic Gravity

The current paper is devoted to the investigation of the general form of the energy–momentum pseudotensor (pEMT) and the corresponding superpotential for the wide class of theories. The only requirement for such a theory is the general covariance of the action without any restrictions on the order of derivatives of the independent variables in it or their transformation laws. As a result of the generalized Noether procedure, we obtain a recurrent chain of the equations, which allows one to express canonical pEMT as a divergence of the superpotential. The explicit expression for this superpotential is also given. We discuss the structure of the obtained expressions and the conditions for the derived pEMT conservation laws to be satisfied independently (fully or partially) by the equations of motion. Deformations of the superpotential form for theories with a change in the independent variables in action are also considered. We apply these results to some interesting particular cases: general relativity and its modifications, particularly mimetic gravity and Regge–Teitelboim embedding gravity.

scholarly journals Energy-momentum conservation laws in Finsler/Kawaguchi Lagrangian formulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (16) ◽  
pp. 165016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Ootsuka ◽  
Ryoko Yahagi ◽  
Muneyuki Ishida ◽  
Erico Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Lagrangian Formulation ◽  
Energy Momentum Conservation

scholarly journals Quantum asymmetry between time and space

2016 ◽  
Vol 472 (2185) ◽  
pp. 20150670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Time Evolution ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Time Space ◽  
T Violation ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Over Time

An asymmetry exists between time and space in the sense that physical systems inevitably evolve over time, whereas there is no corresponding ubiquitous translation over space. The asymmetry, which is presumed to be elemental , is represented by equations of motion and conservation laws that operate differently over time and space. If, however, the asymmetry was found to be due to deeper causes, this conventional view of time evolution would need reworking. Here we show, using a sum-over-paths formalism, that a violation of time reversal (T) symmetry might be such a cause. If T symmetry is obeyed, then the formalism treats time and space symmetrically such that states of matter are localized both in space and in time. In this case, equations of motion and conservation laws are undefined or inapplicable. However, if T symmetry is violated, then the same sum over paths formalism yields states that are localized in space and distributed without bound over time, creating an asymmetry between time and space. Moreover, the states satisfy an equation of motion (the Schrödinger equation) and conservation laws apply. This suggests that the time–space asymmetry is not elemental as currently presumed, and that T violation may have a deep connection with time evolution.

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