Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic and Natural Sources on PM10: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland

The paper presents data from a monthly campaign for the elemental composition of PM10 in a specific receptor Kotórz Mały (Opole Voivodeship) located in the vicinity of a moderately inhabited rural area, measured in one-hour samples with the use of the PX-375 analyzer by the Horiba company. The hourly variability of SO2, NO, NO2, CO, O3 concentrations as well as the variability of meteorological parameters were also determined. On average, during the entire measurement period, the elements related to PM10 can be arranged in the following order: As<V<Ni<Pb<Cr<Mn<Cu<Ti<Zn<K<Fe<Ca<Al<Si<S. Trace elements, including toxic elements, such as As, V, Ni, Pb, Cr, Mn, were present in low concentrations, not exceeding 10 ng/m3 (average daily value). These elements had fairly even concentrations, daily and hourly. The concentrations of the main elements in the PM10 in the receptor are subject to strong hourly changes related not only to changes in the structure of the sources identified in the statistical analysis but mainly to wind speed and direction changes (soil and sand particles pick-up and inflow of pollutants from coal combustion). It has been shown that the transport emission in the receptor can have an intense effect on PM10 in the afternoon.

Detecting Leaders Country from Road Transport Emission Time-Series

Nowadays, climate change and global warming have become the main concerns worldwide. One of the main causes are the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by human activities, especially by the transportation sector. The adherence to international agreements and the implementation of climate change policy are necessary conditions for reducing environmental problems. This paper investigates the lead–lag relationship between Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Annex I member countries on road transport emission performance focusing on the statistical analysis of the lead–lag relationships between the road transport emission time-series from 1970–2018 extracted by the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) database. The analysis was carried out using the cross-correlation function between each pair of the countries’ time-series considered. Empirical results confirm that some nations have been playing a role as leaders, while others as followers. Sweden can be considered the leader, followed by Germany and France. By analyzing their environmental policy history, we can figure out a common point that explains our results.

Long Range Transport of Southeast Asia PM2.5 Pollution to Northern Thailand during High Biomass Burning Episode

This paper aims to investigate the airflow that can transport emission sources of PM2.5 from neighboring countries to contribute to air pollution in northern Thailand. We applied the coupled atmospheric and air pollution model which is based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and a Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT). The model output was compared to the ground-based measurement from the Pollution Control Department (PCD) to examine model performance. As a result of model evaluation, the meteorological variables fairly agreed well compared to observation with Index of Agreement (IOA) in ranges of 0.57 to 0.79 for temperature and 0.32 to 0.54 for wind speed, while the fractional bias of temperature and wind speed were 1.3 to 2.5 °C and 1.2 to 2.1 m/s. Burma was a country that contributed much of hotpot locations by 37% of the entire hotspot locations of Southeast Asia in March. The influence of the Asian Monsoon can bring pollutants from neighboring countries such as Burma and Laos toward northern Thailand in March that likely contribute to high concentrations of PM2.5 in northern Thailand.

Environmental Impacts Management of the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival

The sustainability of music festivals is an urgent issue that must be discussed. Without careful consideration of environmental impacts, the short-term economic gain becomes a long-term fiasco. Coachella, the second-largest music festival in the US and the highest-grossing festival in the world, is possible to harm the environment. It provides pressure by bringing a hundred thousands of people at the same time and place. If the festival damages the environment, it will be costly and taking a long time to preserve the ecosystem. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the management of environmental impacts to recognise how a music festival could increase its environmental sustainability. The analysis ascertained qualitatively by using an approach of energy usage, waste generated, and transport emission produced (Fredline et al., 2005).The result shows that much work has been done by Coachella organisers to reduce the environmental impact of the music festival they organised. First, the energy used in Coachella does not have too much impact on the environment because Coachella has applied sustainable energy framework. Next, in term of waste management, Coachella has been trying to minimise waste generated during the event by organising a massive waste sorting program. It can be said that the program has been quite successful at managing waste. Last, emissions produced from transport have the worst impact on the environment because it directly contributes to climate change. Furthermore, the organisers cannot control the number of vehicles used by attendees because this subject is at the preference of each attendee, and the organiser cannot fully control it.

Potential of GPS-based smartphone application data for country-wide emission estimation

<p>Road transport emissions are among the primary causes of poor air quality in cities. Typically, activity data about road transport is based on point-wise automatic traffic measurements or traffic modelling environments like VISSUM. However, such methods do not provide complete spatial patterns of emissions that are needed for air quality modelling. On the other hand, modern smartphone applications, which are used by drivers to navigate and inform about road hazards, might provide a full spatial pattern of road traffic.</p><p>We will present preliminary results of road transport emission estimates based on the application of GPS-based smartphone data. The datasets describe average speed and number of users for every road part in Poland, including both major and minor roads. The data is based on the Open Street Maps road geometry and includes more than 4.5 million road segments describing 840 thousand km of roads.</p>

Co-Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation for Public Transport in Different Cities of Vietnam

Potentiality of co-benefits for public transport at cities of different grades in Vietnam namely Ho Chi Minh city (special city), Da Nang (centrally-run grade I city) and Vinh (grade I city under the province) in 2013 was studied. Taxis in Da Nang and Vinh, and buses in Ho Chi Minh City were selected for the study. A same methodology was used for all cities. In each city, three areas and nine routes in inner city were selected for conducting this study. Information on the technical conditions of vehicles was collected by questionnaires. Traffic volume was determined by vehicle counting. The real–world driving data of vehicles were recorded by GPS technology. All collected data were processed to generate input files to run IVE model associated with base state and three proposed scenarios of climate change mitigation. Emission factors (EF) of air pollutants for these transport means were determined. Co-benefits of climate, air quality and health for the scenarios in three cities were assessed. The obtained results in this study can be used as a scientific basis for integrated air quality management in the cities in general and for air pollution control of public transport in particular. co-benefits, public transport, emission factor, IVE model, Vietnam.

Low-carbon Transport in Czech-Polish Cross Border Area: Attitude of Czech and Polish Public to Electromobility

The chapter deals with results of cooperation within the project Electromobility in Czech-Polish Cross border Area. The electromobility is presented in comprehensive environmental and social background. The introduction is aimed at transport emission of exhaust gases resulting in global warming and harmful impact on the environment quality. The environment analysis is reflected in view of transport and passenger cars production. The chapter presents results of society analysis defining its attitude to electromobility in the region. The methodology of public questioning was chosen to reveal possibilities for electromobility development in Czech-Polish cross border area. The questions of the survey were formulated to record a public attitude and view of electromobility. The respondents’ answers reflect their awareness of this new sustainable transport.