Design of Smart Grid Test Bed Using OPNET and PLC

In this design unit, a design to test the performances of varying models was developed for the simulations in the PLC-base data link layer. The design includes a smart home and a Smart Grid environment where a comparison between Zigbee and WiMax-based models can be performed. The Smart Grid Test Bed has been designed using OPNET and Power Line Communication is proposed in this book. It is being designed to allow test bed experiments in four layers among OSI 7 layers. This chapter is organized as follows: The Physical Layer and Datalink Layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 1; the Transport Layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 2; and finally, Application Layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section.

Implementation of Smart Grid Test Bed Using OPNET and PLC

In this chapter, a design that allows testing of the performances of various models was developed with OPNET for the simulations in the PLC-base data link layer. As the model proposed earlier, the design includes a smart home and a Smart Grid environment where a comparison between Zigbee and WiMax-based models can be performed. The Smart Grid Test Bed has been implemented using OPNET and Power Line Communication is proposed in this book. It is being designed to allow Test Bed experiments in four layers among seven OSI layers. This chapter is organized as follows: the physical layer and datalink layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 1; the transport layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 2; and finally, application layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 3.

A Packet Delay Assessment Model in the Data Link Layer of the LTE

The issues of modeling and evaluating the characteristics of the LTE data link layer functioning are considered. Transmitting packets in the data link layer are represented by a probabilistic-temporal graph consisting of two subgraphs. The first subgraph describes the operation of the HARQ protocol, and the second subgraph describes the operation of the ARQ protocol. The first subgraph is nested within the second subgraph. The probabilities of correct reception, non-error detection, and retransmission of packets in the MAC and RLC layers and generating functions of the packet service time based on the HARQ and ARQ protocols are determined. With the help of generating functions, the average value, variance, and coefficient of variation of the packet service time are determined. To calculate the average packet delay time in the LTE data link layer, the type of queuing system is selected, taking into account the coefficient of variation of the packet service time. The analysis of packets' delay time in the network's data link layer is carried out for different values of the intensity of packet arrival and the probabilities of a bit error in the physical layer of the network. For the sustainable functioning of the data link layer of the network, the limit values of the intensity of the arrival of packets are determined for a given probability of a bit error in the physical layer of the network.

ALL-OPTICAL ON-BOARD NETWORKS PROTOCOLS

The article presents the concept of all-optical on-board networks (AOON). AOON protocol stack is described, the operation of the transport layer, data link layer and the management layer of the AOON protocol stack is considered in details. The article also describes a software model designed to check the correctness of operation of the AOON protocol stack from a functional point of view, and an example of the developed software model is provided.

CAN Tx Frame Implementation using Verilog

This article discusses the concept of CAN protocol and its implementation in verilog language. Initially the CAN protocol description is given in brief with the block diagram, later its design, implementation in verilog code is presented. The CAN transmission (Tx) data Frame is realized using verilog code, this is achieved by defining individual sub-blocks verilog codes and combining these to get the CAN transmission of data frame. In the year 1986, CAN data link layer protocol was introduced in SAE conference. In 1993, CAN protocol and high speed physical layer were internationally accredited as ISO 11898. As on today it has 11898-1 to 4 standard documents. The CAN 1.0, 2.0 versions were initially had fixed data rate for the entire frame. In 2012, CAN-FD (Flexible data rate) protocol was introduced. This will allow data phase a second higher bit rate, along with this restriction of 8 bytes is extended up to 64 bytes.In this paper CAN Tx data frame is realized using Xilinx 14.7 version using verilog language.