Effect of feed pellet size and tank water level on growth performance in juvenile pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), reared in a recirculating system

Three 28-day experiments were performed to assess the impact of two sinking feed pellet sizes (0.5–1.0 and 0.9–1.6 mm for experiment I, 0.9–1.6 and 1.3–2.0 mm for experiment II, and 1.3–2.0 and 1.6–2.4 mm for experiment III) and two tank water levels (0.50 and 0.65 m) on the growth performance of juvenile pikeperch of different mean initial body weights in experiment I, II, III respectively (1.1 ± 0.1 g, 5.1 ± 0.2 g, 16.6 ± 0.5 g) at different ages (67, 102, and 137 days post hatch). Two-factor analysis of variance showed that the growth of pikeperch was positively correlated with feed pellet size in experiment I, both feed pellet size and water level in experiment II, and water level in experiment III. The feed pellet sizes of 0.9–1.6 and 1.3–2.0 mm at body weights of 1.1 g and 5.1 g, respectively, are recommended to promote more efficient pikeperch growth rates. In the case of pikeperch with a body weight of 16.6 g, the feed pellet size was less important than the tank water level.

Vaccine Efficacy of a Newly Developed Feed-Based Whole-Cell Polyvalent Vaccine against Vibriosis, Streptococcosis and Motile Aeromonad Septicemia in Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer

Multiple infections of several bacterial species are often observed under natural farm conditions. The infections would cause a much more significant loss compared to a single infectious agent. Vaccination is an essential strategy to prevent diseases in aquaculture, and oral vaccination has been proposed as a promising technique since it requires no handling of the fish and is easy to perform. This research attempts to develop and evaluate a potential feed-based polyvalent vaccine that can be used to treat multiple infections by Vibrios spp., Streptococcus agalactiae, and Aeromonas hydrophila, simultaneously. The oral polyvalent vaccine was prepared by mixing formalin-killed vaccine of V. harveyi, S. agalactiae, and A. hydrophila strains with commercial feed pellet, and palm oil as an adjuvant was added to improve their antigenicity. Thereafter, a vaccinated feed pellet was tested for feed quality analysis in terms of feed stability in water, proximate nutrient analysis, and palatability, safety, and growth performance using Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer as a fish host model. For immune response analysis, a total of 300 Asian seabass juveniles (15.8 ± 2.6 g) were divided into two groups in triplicate. Fish of group 1 were not vaccinated, while group 2 was vaccinated with the feed-based polyvalent vaccine. Vaccinations were carried out on days 0 and 14 with oral administration of the feed containing the bacterin at 5% body weight. Samples of serum for antibody and lysozyme study and the spleen and gut for gene expression analysis were collected at 7-day intervals for 6 weeks. Its efficacy in protecting fish was evaluated in aquarium challenge. Following vaccination by the polyvalent feed-based vaccine, IgM antibody levels showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum against Vibrio harveyi, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Streptococcus agalactiae and reached the peak at week 3, 5, and 6, respectively. The high-stimulated antibody in the serum remained significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05) at the end of the 6 weeks vaccination trial. Not only that, but the serum lysozyme level was also increased significantly at week 4 (p < 0.05) as compared to the control treatment. The immune-related gene, dendritic cells, C3, Chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4), and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) showed significantly higher expression (p < 0.05) after the fish were vaccinated with the oral vaccine. In the aquarium challenge, the vaccine provided a relative percentage survival of 75 ± 7.1%, 80 ± 0.0%, and 80 ± 0.0% after challenge with V. harveyi, A. hydrophila, and S. agalactiae, respectively. Combining our results demonstrate that the feed-based polyvalent vaccine could elicit significant innate and adaptive immunological responses, and this offers an opportunity for a comprehensive immunization against vibriosis, streptococcosis, and motile aeromonad septicemia in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. Nevertheless, this newly developed feed-based polyvalent vaccination can be a promising technique for effective and large-scale fish immunization in the aquaculture industry shortly.

ASSESSMENT OF SOME QUALITIES OF COMMERCIAL LIVESTOCK FEEDS

The nutrient qualities of different classes of commercial livestock feed were monitored over a period of 20 weeks for changes in their chemical composition as well as differences between actual chemical contents and tagged specifications. Feed samples were collected from farms and feed depois around Abekuta in Ogun State. Results obtained reveled wide ranges of values (P < 0.05) within feeds of the same class, depending on the miller(s). Creep feed pellet had CP values (21.98±0.21%) which were 0.01% less than the recommended nutrient requirement for creep pigs. There was low CP in some layers diet (13%) (P < 0.05). All feeds types analysed had consistently and significantly higher crude fibre values than recommended for the relevant animals while energy and CP were noticeably low. The study further showed that finished feeds and feed ingredients were adulterated with saw dust, sand urea, rice bran, etc. The needs for feed quality standardization and monitoring as well as the usage of agro-industrial by products in appropriate proportions were examined and recommendations made.

Penerapan pakan yang mengandung kunyit pada budidaya ikan lele di Kelurahan Sukamaju Kecamatan Sail, Pekanbaru

Sukamaju Village that is located in the Sail Sub Regency, Pekanbaru is potential for developing fish culture. The knowedge of the community in fish culturing method, however, is relatively low and to improve it, a socialization program has been conducted in July-September 2020. The community was trained to culture fish and fed the fish with turmeric enriched pellets through mentorial and practice in fish feed pellet manufacture and fish rearing. The progress was monitored weekly and evaluated by the 8th week. Results shown that the community was able make fish feed pellets and also able to culture the fish. The result of monitoring and evaluation shown that the fish farmer in Sukamaju Village is commited to develop the turmeric enriched fish fed pellet processing as the effort of program sustanability.

Standard Maintenance Practice for Feed Pellet Operation

Plant Engineering, Maintenance, Repair and over hauling are most important in manufacturing industries. The aim of this paper is to identify and suggest good standard maintenance practice for feed milling operation in an animal feed manufacturing unit. It derives various results based on practical implementation in feed mill operation and data provided are an actual drawn in feed mill in a feed manufacturing industry. The outcome is discussed and studied in compare with standard maintenance practices.

KUALITAS FISIK ORGANOLEPTIS, HARDNESS DAN KADAR AIR PADA BERBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK BENTUK PELLET

This study aims to evaluate the organoleptic quality, hardness and the moisture content of various pelleted animal feeds. This research was uses descriptive method. The pellet feed used was 8 types of pellet feed from various types of livestock, namely; pellet feed for laying hens grower; starter broiler pellet feed; beef pellet feed; dairy cow feed pellets; horse pellet feed; pellet feed of laying ducks; pellet feed for fattening pigs and pellet for fattening sheep are obtained from various animal feed stalls in Central Java. The parameters observed were organoleptic, hardness and moisture content. The results showed that the organoleptic physical test, hardness and moisture content greatly affected the quality of the pellets, but the color of the pellets tended to have no difference. The conclusion of this research was that testing the quality of pellets in various livestock can be done physically, organoleptically, hardness and moisture content.

PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN SELUANG ASAL PULAU BANGKA (Brevibora dorsiocellata) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBEDA DALAM WADAH BUDIDAYA PADA SKALA LABORATORIUM DI TAHAP AWAL DOMESTIKASI

This research aimed to evaluated the growth performance of eyespot rasbora (Brevibora dorsiocellata) feeding with different feed in cultured conditions on early stage of domestication. The fishes was collected from river among Balunijuk Village, Bangka Residence. It’s conducted on February until March 2019 at Laboratory of Aquaculture Sub-Laboratory of Hatchery, University of Bangka Belitung. A kinds of feed on this tretment was blood worms (Tubificidae) and commercial feed (pellet). The parameters observed in this research was surival rates, absolute weight and length and feed consumptions level. The result showed that the survival value ranged on 90-100%., the absolute weight was 0,12±0,02 until 0,17±0,02 grams, the absolute length was 0,69±0,17 until 0,79±0,06 cm and a feed consumptions level was 10±0,58 until 11±1,00 gram. In common, the eyespot rasbora (Brevibora dorsiocellata) showed the postively responses on early stage of domestications with different feed on cultured medium.Keywords : Bangka Island, Brevibora dosrsiocellata, Domestication, Eyespot Rasbora