Adam Naruszewiczs Oda do sprawiedliwości im Kontext des politischen Denkens und der Gelegenheitsdichtung der Aufklärung

Summary The article discusses Adam Naruszewicz‘s famous Ode to Justice (1773) and the engagement of occasional poetry in contemporary discussions about the handling of justice in political trials. Looking at the trial of 1773 the Ode addresses the question of finding a just sentence for the abortive attempt two years earlier to abduct king Stanisław August. The article presents the pertinent aspects for such an analysis in three parts: 1) an introduction to the conceptualization of royal justice in European thought of the Enlightenment, 2) the known facts about the abduction and its historical contexts, 3) an overview of the occasional poetry written by Naruszewicz about the incident from 1771 to 1773 leading to an analysis of the Ode to Justice in regard to the political reasoning of its author.

From War to Global Peace Strategist

The present article sets out to more thoroughly examine George Marshall’s geo-political reasoning on strategic peace-building and the fundamentals of a more viable and sustainable peace structure. In so doing, it shows that although Marshall had been mainly preoccupied with the military side of the United States’ engagement in world affairs, he all the same developed a keen understanding of the strategic imperatives needed to fashion a more stable international order – particularly as concerned the methodical integration of America’s various foreign policies on a global scale.

БУНЬЕВЦЫ В ПАРАДИГМЕ СВОЕЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ

В статье рассматривается проблема идентичности буньевцев, южнославянской этнической группы, представители которой проживают в нескольких государствах: боснии и Герцеговине, венгрии, Сербии и Хорватии. Их статус спорен, неодинаково трактуется в разные исторические периоды и по разные стороны государственных границ. Часть буньевцев относит себя к хорватам, другая – отстаивает свою самобытность. Автор задается вопросами, где та грань, которая позволяет сообществу считать себя отдельным народом, как воздействуют «внешние» обстоятельства на жизнеспособность этнических групп? Ответы на эти вопросы всегда имеют не только научную обоснованность, но и политическую аргументацию. В этом нас убеждает ситуация с буньевцами. Дискуссии об их происхождении вспыхнули с новой силой после распада СФРЮ и возникновения независимых государств на Балканах. Они стали наглядным примером того, как осмысливается, мифологизируется и используется прошлое в зависимости от контекста и общественной ситуации. Сегодня в процессе конструирования этнических идентичностей используются разные ресурсы, в т.ч. язык, религия, историческая память, политический дискурс и т.д. В более широком, антропологическом контексте тема имеет теоретическую значимость в противостоянии конструктивистов и примордиалистов The article studies the identity of the Bunjevci, a South Slavic ethnic group living in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Serbia, and Croatia. Their status is controversial, and its interpretation depends on the historical period and the country. Some Bunjevci consider themselves Croats, while others defend their unique identity. The author wonders where the borderline that allows a community to consider itself a separate people is and how "external" circumstances affect the viability of ethnic groups? The answers to these questions are usually not only scientifically based but also have political reasoning. The Bunjevci case is a typical example. Discussions about their origin broke out with renewed vigor after the collapse of the SFRY and the emergence of independent states. They have become a clear example of how the past is interpreted, mythologized, and used depending on the context and social situation. Today, various resources are used to construct ethnic identities, including language, religion, historical memory, political discourse, etc. In a broader anthropological context, the topic has a theoretical significance for the discussion of constructivists and primordialists.

Government platforms in the system of national public communication

The purpose of the article is to study public communications in digital platforms of public administration in Russia. In recent years, there has been an intensive introduction of digital platforms into the practice of public administration, and communications within the platforms have become part of the national system of public communications. The object of research in this article will be public communications in two digital platforms in Russia: St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. In the period from December 1, 2019 to November 1, 2020, we collected 10993 messages from the Our St. Petersburg platform and 3758 messages from the People's Expertise platform. The main research methods were the Text Mining method and qualitative analysis of messages. The results of the study of the platforms «Our St. Petersburg» and «People's Expertise» show that the practice of communication in them is very different from the ideals of public democratic communication. The most characteristic differences are the problematic nature of communications: citizens turn to authorities to solve problems most often in the field of housing and communal services. Public communications in the studied urban communication platforms are very different from communications in social networks in their limitations; platform affordances inhibit the spread of discussions. The most important epistemic authority in public communications is bureaucratic rules and appeals to legal procedures. When analyzing the procedure of political reasoning on digital platforms, some methods of manipulative presentation of information are revealed.

Religion Impacting the Concept of Law

The issue reflects on concepts of law determined or impacted by various currents of Abrahamitic religious traditions. Major alternative approaches regarding the status of revelation as a source of law are being addressed. Two basic types of religious approach can be distinguished: one embracing the idea of divine revelation containing prescriptions which are to be connected to and implemented in human legal and political reasoning, and another one absconding the divine from earthly political and legal paradigms in order to permeate them with relativizing spirituality. The various contributions explore the historical development of relevant strands of religious thought as well as the way in which they articulate themselves in the present-day diversity of a secularized and globalized environment.