Integrated remote sensing and GIS techniques to delineate groundwater potential area of Chamchamal basin, Sulaymaniyah, NE Iraq

Groundwater management in the semi-arid areas is a crucial issue and requires more scientific study and techniques. Groundwater potential areas for part of the Chamchamal basin are determined using two techniques, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and a geographic information system (GIS). Several Input factors were used to produce a thematic map, including geology, structure, drainage density, land-use/landcover, slope steepness, lineament density, and hydrogeology. Based on the relative importance, the layers are ranked which control the groundwater potential areas. The factor classified into several zones builds upon the hydrogeological characteristics and the classes weighted based on the relative standing to the potential area of groundwater. The output of the analysis showed that there are four zones of groundwater potential, good, moderate, poor, and very poor. The zones cover 10.4, 38.7, 43.93, and 6.96% of the area, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that the southwest part of the area is the most favorable area for groundwater existence. While the center and some parts of the northeast characterized by low groundwater potential zones. To verify the final potential zones, the yield rates of 38 wells are used. The verification process verified that the categories of groundwater potential areas are closed to the results obtained from (AHP) and (GIS).

Analysis of climate variables and strategies for adapting agriculture to climate change in the Northern Trans-Urals

Today, humanity is faced with the problem of a changing planetary climate. At the same time, there is no common point of view on the main causes and trends of the dynamics of the modern climate, its consequences for individual components of the natural environment, as well as on the optimization of land use in Siberia. The paper examines the influence of the relative humidity of the air on the yield and gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops. It was revealed that the climate becomes more favorable for the cultivation of grain and leguminous crops in the Northern Trans-Urals, thus, from the zone of risky farming, the region can move to a more favorable area for active economic use of the agricultural landscape. This dictates the need to take measures aimed at adapting agriculture to new conditions and focused on environmentally friendly land use technologies.

Surkhan Oasis In The Bronze Age

The Surkhandarya oasis, located in the southern part of Central Asia, is a favorable area for agriculture due to its geographic location and climate. In the Bronze Age, a sedentary agricultural culture was formed in the oasis, which was called the Sapalli culture. In this article, the economic, social and cultural life of the oasis in the Bronze Age is scientifically studied on the basis of archeological sources.

ON THE ROLE OF THE THIOLDISULPHYDE SYSTEM IN PROTECTION THE HUMAN BODY FROM AEROSOL AIR POLLUTION

In this paper results of research of quantitative distribution and qualitative characteristics of microdispersed particles of atmospheric air in the city of Vladivostok are presented. The chronic impact of aerosols of a microsize range on inhabitants of the urbanized territory led to the development of a condition of an oxidative stress giving rise in the increase of the level of oxidative damages of cellular macromolecules and the expansion in the number of cells with the lowered power status in comparison with residents of the favorable area. The induction of oxidative processes caused the enlargement in the content of key antioxidant enzymes (thireodoxin, glutathione, superoxide dismutase) and the gain of antioxidant activity in general. The main role in reparation of proteins and DNA in the oxidizing influence of microdispersed particles belongs to thioredoxin system due to restoration of thiol-disulfide communications and restoration of reparating enzymes. Thiol-disulfide-depended antioxidant processes make an essential contribution to the protection of an organism, preventing the development of the oxidative stress and the cell apoptosis. Long-term stress - induced influence of microdispersed particles can lead to exhaustion of adaptation and reparation opportunities of an organism and to promote еру development of pathology.