Structures of Cationic and Anionic Polyelectrolytes in Aqueous Solutions: The Sign Effect

In this study, we use molecular dynamics simulation to explore the structures of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions. We first confirm the significantly stronger solvation effects of single...

ANALISIS PENGARUH PROMOSI PENJUALAN, PENATAAN PRODUK DAN SUASANA MALL TERHADAP PEMBELIAN TIDAK TERENCANA (STUDI KASUS PADA RAMAYANA DEPARTEMENT STORE YOGYAKARTA)

This study aims to analysis determine the effect of sales promotion, display product, and store atmosphere on impulse buying at the Ramayana Department Store Yogyakarta. This research was conducted at the Ramayana Department Store Yogyakarta in November 2018 until June 2019. This research was a quantitative study with 80 respondents. Data collection techniques is done by questionnaires and observation. The analysis technique used in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study concluded that sales promotion, display product, and store atmosphere has a positive and sign effect on impulse buying through partial testing and simultaneous testing.

Sign effects in spoken word learning by oral deaf and hard-of-hearing children, and by hearing children

Previous research found a beneficial effect of augmentative signs (signs from a sign language used alongside speech) on spoken word learning by signing deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. The present study compared oral DHH children, and hearing children in a condition with babble noise in order to investigate whether prolonged experience with limited auditory access is required for a sign effect to occur. Nine- to 11-year-old children participated in a word learning task in which half of the words were presented with an augmentative sign. Non-signing DHH children ( N = 19) were trained in normal sound, whereas a control group of hearing peers ( N = 38) were trained in multi-speaker babble noise. The researchers also measured verbal short-term memory (STM). For the DHH children, there was a sign effect on speed of spoken word recognition, but not accuracy, and no interaction between the sign effect in reaction times and verbal STM. The hearing children showed no sign effect for either speed or accuracy. These results suggest that not necessarily sign language knowledge, but rather prolonged experience with limited auditory access is required for children to benefit from signs for spoken word learning regardless of children’s verbal STM.

The Sign Effect in Past and Future Discounting

We compared the extent to which people discounted positive and negative events in the future and in the past. We found that the tendency to discount gains more than losses (i.e., the sign effect) emerged more strongly for future than for past outcomes. We present evidence from six studies (total N = 1,077) that the effect of tense on discounting is tied to differences in the contemplation emotion of these events, which we assessed by measuring participants’ emotions while they either anticipated or remembered the event. We ruled out loss aversion, uncertainty, utility curvature, thought frequency, and connection to the future and past self as explanations for this phenomenon, and we discuss why people experience a distinct mixture of emotions when contemplating upcoming events.