Application of a multispectral assay for evaluation of the morphofunctional status of immunocompetent cells in cattle with retroviral diseases

Microspectral analysis is a highly informative way to study the morphofunctional status of cells, including immunocompetent ones. Purpose of the study was an application it for studding of bovine lymphocytes in cattle with enzootic leukemia and viral immunodeficiency, which is important for diagnostics and differential diagnostics of diseases, as well as for analyzing of animal homeostasis and making a prognosis of the disease. Leukemia and immunodeficiency are classified as hematopathological processes. Therefore, we used the hematological method as a comparative method. Spectral analysis of stained with a Leukodif 200 kit agranulocytes was carried out using the universal color analyzer microscope-spectrophotometer LOMO MSFU-K. The value of the light absorption intensity was measured in the visible-light spectrum from 300 to 700 nm. The results of microspectral analysis showed that for cows’ lymphocytes with combined pathology (BLV/BIV), the absorption values in the spectrum of eosin U and azure II were 351.2 ± 17.6 and 751.4 ± 37.6 counts, respectively. For animals with BLV and BIV mono-infection, these indicators were 253.3 ± 12.7; 383.3 ± 19.2 and 371.5 ± 18.5; 500.2 ± 24.9 counts. While in intact cows, these indicators were registered at the level of 210.3 ± 10.5 and 173.6 ± 8.6 counts. In intact animals, the acidic and basic components ratio in the cell was uniformly proportional, the ratio coefficient was 0.83 ± 0.04. For BIV-, BLV- and BLV/BIV-infected animals, this coefficient was 1.34 ± 0.06, 1.51 ± 0.08 and 2.13 ± 0.11, that was in 1.6, 1.8 and 2.6 times higher than in intact animals, which might be an indicator of metabolic acidosis in the cell. The scientific novelty of the research is that the signs of hypoxia and inflammation detected by hematological analysis correlate with the results of microspectral analysis and indicate a change in the homeostasis of the infected animal’s organism, including at the cell level.

ANALYSIS OF COLOR CHARACTERISTICS FOR VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF THE CORE MATERIALS AND ALLCERAMIC MATERIALS

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the optical interaction of materials for the fabrication of the post-core and all-ceramic framework of a non-removable prosthesis. The gold-palladium alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy and composite materials were chosen as the material for restoration of the core of teeth. The first group of ceramic samples consisted of zirconia zirconia disks (Dental Direkt, Germany), 0.3 mm thick and 0.5 mm thick with different transparency (high, medium and low). The second group of framed ceramic materials ware disks from lithium disilicate E.max Press (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), 0.4 mm thick and 0.6 mm thick from blanks of different transparency (high transparency, low transparency, medium opacity, high opacity). The study was based on the principle of comparative analysis of the obtained samples on a spectrometric color analyzer and comparing the reflection coefficient. The dependence of the brightness of the finished restoration on the type of the core materials and all-ceramic discs of different thicknesses has been determined, which should be taken into account when calculating the final ceramic restoration color. It has been established that a composite base should be used for prosthetics of an aesthetically significant group of teeth. In turn, core materials from CoCch and Au alloys according to colorimetric characteristics are not suitable for this prosthesis and they must be primed with opaque materials beforehand.

Calibration of Measuring Systems for the Expert Evaluation of Color Characteristics

Results of the development of the portable mobile color analyzer for sample surfaces using a digital camera are presented. The special program computes and analyzes the color characteristics of samples. The dominant wavelength and the saturation for each pixel as well as for the selected fragment of the digital image are calculated using the spectrum locus. To get the perfect linear color reproduction, the correction factors are introduced. Using the reference color atlas we define factors and carry out the calibration of analyzer′s measuring system by them. The special corrective procedure for the algorithm of the dominant wavelength calculation which enhances the accuracy for spectral colors up to ± 2.5 nm is elaborated. We tested the analyzer in experiments with meat samples produced at the poultry plants. The dominant wavelength could be used for recognizing meat quality characteristics. Experimental results demonstrated the significant differences in data for meat samples of different plants, and they indicated the real storage time of meat.

Estimating chlorophyll content from Eucalyptus dunnii leaves by reflectance values

This study aimed to estimate photosynthetic pigments contents from leaves of Eucalyptus dunni Maiden based on values of reflectance spectra of red, green and blue colors obtained with a digital color analyzer. We collected fifty leaves from the lower third of the crown of twenty trees including young as well as mature leaves. From each leaf an area of 14 cm2 of the leaf blade was cut in which we measured reflectance values on the red, green and blue spectra with a portable digital colorimeter, obtained relative index of chlorophyll with a SPAD – 502 and determined the content of the chlorophyll a, b, and a + b by classic method of solvent extraction. We submitted the data to multiple linear regression and nonlinear analysis at 5% of error probability. It was evaluated the occurrence of multicollinearity. The negative exponential model resulted in good fit when data from red spectrum was used for chlorophyll a, green spectrum for chlorophyll b and a + b, making possible correlation coefficients between the estimated values and the extracted above 0.85. Except for the chlorophyll a content, the accuracy in estimates of photosynthetic pigments were higher than estimated by the chlorophyll meter, even with linearity between methods. Therefore, it is possible to estimate photosynthetic pigments on E. dunni leaves through values of red and green wavelengths from a digital color analyser.