Pigmentation Effects of Kaliziri Standard Extracts on Melanocytes, C57BL/6 mice of Hydroquinone- Induced and Guinea Pigs of Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Hyperpigmentation Model

Background: Vitiligo is a depigmentation disorder characterized by losing functional melanocytes, leading to skin and/or hair depigmentation. Kaliziri (Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd) seeds have been traditionally used to treat pigmentation disorders in Central Asia. The extracts of these seeds increased melanin content and tyrosinase activity and upregulated melanogenesis-related proteins in B16 melanoma cells. We isolated the main active compound Kaliziri standard Extracts (encoded as CAM-Y7) from the Kaliziri seeds in a previous study. Our goal was to reveal whether CAM-Y7 promotes melanogenesis in melanocytes and restored pigmentation in animal models of vitiligo. Methods: Herein, we analyzed the melanogenic effects of CAM-Y7 on melanocytes and the skin pigmentation of hydroquinone (H.Q.)-induced mouse model and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced guinea pig model of vitiligo. Results: CAM-Y7 promotes Melanogenesis up-Regulation MITF-induced Tyrosinase Expression via p38MAPK signal pathway in melanocytes. Oral administration of CAM-Y7 progressively darkened the dorsal skin and hair of the C57BL/6 mice and guinea pigs. Lillie staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining further showed that CAM-Y7 induced melanogenesis in the epidermis and hair follicles of the animals. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that CAM-Y7 regulation of melanogenesis may be mediated by the activation of p38 MAPK and restored pigmentation in an HQ-Induced C57BL/6 mouse and H2O2-induced guinea pig models of vitiligo. CAM-Y7 might be valuable and promising therapeutic as an agent for vitiligo. Subsequent clinical experiments using are needed to verify our results.

Rare Presentation of Concomitant Alopecia Areata and Vitiligo in a Teenager

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo are two chronic, autoimmune skin diseases. While these two conditions are common, their co-existence is rare. Case Presentation: A 13-year-old Caucasian female presented to the dermatology clinic with a 1-2-month history of hair loss on her occipital scalp. The patient was diagnosed with AA and prescribed topical mometasone 1% lotion twice daily and pulse-dose prednisolone solution 12 mL 1 day per month for 3 months. At her 3-month follow-up, the patient reported new-onset hair depigmentation. On physical examination, the patient’s occipital scalp and right eyelash demonstrated a depigmented patch of hair, concerning for vitiligo. The patient was diagnosed with concomitant disease and topical tofacitinib was added to her treatment regimen. Discussion/Conclusion: The colocalization of AA and vitiligo is rare, and the presentation suggests an underlying pathogenic link between the two skin diseases. While the definitive immunologic pathway remains unknown, researchers have narrowed down inflammatory markers involved in the development of both conditions, including CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, interferon gamma (IFN-ɣ), and IFN-ɣ-induced chemokines. We present a 13-year-old female patient who presented to the clinic with scalp alopecia and later developed overlying scalp and eyelash vitiligo. The rare nature of the patient’s presentation makes concomitant disease a therapeutic challenge and can impose significant psychological distress to a pediatric patient.

PREVALENCE OF VITILIGO IN KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA (CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY)

Background:Vitiligo is acquired condition of skin and hair depigmentation that characterized by the appearance of pale macules or hypochromic pigment. Vitiligo is not a life-threatening situation however it affects patients health-related quality of life and psychological well-being. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to prevalence of vitiligo in Saudi population besides, Most common place of first spot of vitiligo, and the relationship between some medical conditions and vitiligo. Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in kingdom of Saudi Arabia (General population and vitiligo patient) from 04/08/2020 till 22/11/2020. The study was depending on using of online questionnaire assessing demographic factors including age and nationality besides disease-related information: Heart disease, Smoker patient, related risk factors of disease and DM patient. Results: We had received 875 responses of our questionnaire, where the prevalence of vitiligo was 3.5 % where 51.6 % of them were male. Moreover, 51.6 % of them were below 25 years old, 19.4 % were between 25 – 30 years old and 12.9 % were between 31 – 35 years old. Furthermore, most of them were Saudi Arabian (93.5 %).Moreover, most of patients indicated that they were patients with vitiligo for more than 5 years (61.3 %) while the first spot of vitiligo was above eyes (22.6 %), hands (19.4 %), Armpits (12.9 %) and knee (12.9 %) Conclusion:We had found that the prevalence of vitiligo in Saudi Arabia was high than reported by other studies where male are slightly more affected by the diseases and those of younger age. Face and hand are the most common spots of vitiligo. Moreover, smoking, diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders may have effect in increased incidence of vitiligo.