IMPLEMENTATION OF EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN NURSING WARD: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: Hospital service is a process that involves all elements in the hospital including nurses and inpatient rooms or nursing wards. Different inpatient conditions will be treated in separated wards, by the same token patients with unstable conditions are admitted in intensive care units, this procedure aims to reduce the mortality incidence due to sudden cardiac arrest, therefore early detection of patients’ clinical deterioration using the early warning score system performed by the nurse in the nursing wards is required. Objective: This review study is a summary of the early warning system implementation in the nursing wards. Design: The data was obtained from international journal providers Proquest and Ebsco databases. The author accessed unair.remotexs.co website. Review Methods: Narative Review. Results: Early warning score is an effective intervention for emergency detection in patients. Conclusion: Early detection clinical emergency or known as the Early Warning Score System (EWSS) is the application of a scoring system for early detection of patient's condition before a worsening situation occurs. The implementation of this scoring system is necessary due to the high rate of deterioration of patient conditions that requiring immediate management to prevent profound deterioration and its subsequent adverse effect Keywords : Early warning system;nurse care;literatur;review

FRIES: First Response Interactive Emergency System for the Visually and Hearing Impaired

It is very challenging for the visually and hearing- impaired people to react properly in case of a fire than the none- visually and hearing impaired. In addition, there is a lack of the current emergency response systems in the market that cater to the needs of visually and hearing-impaired people. Most of the current methods are expensive and unreliable while 90% of visually and hearing-impaired people live in developing countries. Therefore, we proposed a new emergency system called The First Response Interactive Emergency System (FRIES). This system provides all the emergency needs of hearing and visually impaired individuals when they are awake as well as asleep in case of a fire, carbon monoxide, and natural gas leak. It will also notify the emergency personnel and their caregivers. The cost of this system is very affordable. Our system consists of a microcontroller, which will be connected to the LED lights, gas sensors, smoke sensors, fire detector, speaker module, WIFI module, vibrating motors, and LCD display. All sensor data is simultaneous transmitted between the microcontroller and sensors. Our promising results showed that this system can be a complete emergency detection solution to provide safety for the visually and hearing impaired.

Rapid measurement of anticoagulant rodenticides in human blood and urine using online turbulent flow chromatography coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are widely used to control rodents. A method based on online turbulent flow chromatography (TFC) combined with LC-MS/MS has been established for rapid quantitative determination of eight ARs in human blood and urine. This method, which does not require time-consuming pre-processing steps, renders it especially suited for use in emergency poisoning cases. Sample preparation, including extraction, centrifugation, and filtration, was followed by online clean-up using TFC. The total run-time was within 13.5 min, including online purification, chromatographic separation, and re-equilibration of the TFC system. The parameters for sample extraction, purification, separation, and detection in this study were optimized separately. The linear regression coefficients of matrix-matched calibration standard curves established for quantification were greater than 0.9976. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for the method were found to be 0.3–3.0 ng/mL in human blood and 0.06–0.6 ng/mL in urine. The recoveries of spiked target compounds at different concentrations in human blood and urine were 91.8–111.9% and 86.9–105.3%, respectively. Inter- and intra-day precision values were both less than 12.5%, and the matrix effects of human blood and urine samples for ARs were 75.3–108.6% and 102.7–130.0%, respectively. This method had successfully applied to the emergency detection of ARs in biological samples of poisoned patients.

On the Use of Cameras for the Detection of Critical Events in Sensors-Based Emergency Alerting Systems

The adoption of emergency alerting systems can bring countless benefits when managing urban areas, industrial plants, farms, roads and virtually any area that is subject to the occurrence of critical events, supporting in rescue operations and reducing their negative impacts. For such systems, a promising approach is to exploit scalar sensors to detect events of interest, allowing for the distributed monitoring of different variables. However, the use of cameras as visual sensors can enhance the detection of critical events, which can be employed along with scalar sensors for a more comprehensive perception of the environment. Although the particularities of visual sensing may be challenging in some scenarios, the combination of scalar and visual sensors for the early detection of emergency situations can be valuable for many scenarios, such as smart cities and industry 4.0, bringing promising results. Therefore, in this article, we extend a sensors-based emergency detection and alerting system to also exploit visual monitoring when identifying critical events. Implementation and experimental details are provided to reinforce the use of cameras as a relevant sensor unit, bringing promising results for emergencies management.