Match of the Bimaxillary Basal Bone Arches and Its Variations among Individuals

Introduction. This study is aimed at illustrating the bimaxillary basal bone contours, to clarify the match of the basal bone arches of the upper and lower, especially the posterior segments, including the second molar and retromolar region. Methods. Based on 100 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images (50 males and 50 females), we obtained 100 pairs of basal bone arches, which were the horizontal inner cortex contours passing the furcation of the first molar paralleled to the lower occlusal plane. The Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) was applied to depict average contours and calculate the ratio and difference width of both upper and lower dental arches in different positions. Variations of the basal bone morphology among individuals were revealed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results. The width discrepancy occurred at 7-7 segment (male: upper 65.62 mm and lower 68.81 mm and female: upper 62.98 mm and lower 68.38 mm) and the retromolar region (male: upper 64.67 mm and lower 71.96 mm and female: upper 62.34 mm and lower 71.44 mm). The ratio ( p = 0.006 ) and difference value ( p = 0.009 ) of 7-7 segment and the ratio of retromolar region ( p = 0.044 ) differed in genders. Setting 2 mm overjet, the upper basal bone arch was wider than the lower by approximate 2 mm on both sides, except the second molar and retromolar region. According to PCA, the variation of basal bone arches appeared mainly at terminal segments. Conclusions. For both male and female, the bimaxillary basal bone matched except terminal segments. Mismatch of female bimaxillary posterior basal bone was more pronounced than male. The basal bone arches of male were wider and longer than that of female.

Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma of Lacrimal Gland: A Rare Case Report

Polymorphous adenocarcinoma is a slow growing malignant tumor of minor salivary glands. The most common location of these tumors is palate, buccal mucosa, upper lip, floor of mouth and retromolar region. This malignant neoplasm is characterized by cytological uniformity, architectural diversity and infiltrative growth pattern. This is a case report of polymorphous adenocarcinoma occurring in lacrimal gland. They are seldom reported in this location and propose unique diagnostic challenges.

An atypical path of the lingual nerve in the retromolar region: Incidence in oral surgery

The Lingual nerve is frequently anesthetized during oral, maxillofacial or otorhinolaryngology surgery. It originates below the oval hole in the infratemporal region, follows its path down and forward, and moves away from the medial surface of the ramus and goes just above the mylohyoid line. It approaches the lateral margin of the tongue and crosses the Wharton's canal, and divides into numerous branches. As described in the literature, some cases of temporomandibular joint syndrome or myofascial pain syndrome could be a result of its anatomical variations. Also, the jurisprudence has always tried to condemn the practitioner if he did not demonstrate that the path of the injured nerve presents an anomaly which makes his involvement inevitable. The purpose is to present one of the multiple atypical paths of the lingual nerve not described in the retromandibular trigone demonstrating that its damage constitutes a risk that cannot be controlled.

Diagnosis, management and 4-year follow-up of squamous cell carcinoma in the retromolar region from the LeBu-UEM extension project

Malignant oral neoplasms have great relevance because they represent one of the main causes of death in the world. Squamous cell carcinoma is its most frequent form, but reports in the retromolar region are rare when compared to other oral sites. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the diagnosis and conduct in the case of a patient participating in the Oral Injury extension project (LeBu) at the State University of Maringá - PR/BR. Male patient, 67 years old, a heavy smoker for about 50 years, alcoholic, attended the university with an ulcer in the right lower retromolar region of brownish-white color, with approximately 3 to 4 mm, irregular shape, and rough surface. A biopsy was performed in the lesion region, collecting a fragment of approximately 2 mm, which was referred for histopathological examination, resulting in a diagnosis of moderately differentiated, invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was referred for medical oncological, surgical, and chemotherapy treatment, remaining under dental monitoring throughout the treatment and later with scheduled returns. After 4 years of follow-up, the patient is in good general physical condition, with no signs of recurrence, orally rehabilitated, even quitting the smoking habit. Thus, it is concluded that the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck neoplasms lacks a multidisciplinary view, being the dental surgeon of great importance both for the diagnosis of these injuries, as well as in the prevention and treatment of injuries that may arise from or after the treatment.

The Retromolar Space and Wisdom Teeth in Humans: Reasons for Surgical Tooth Extraction

Objective This article explores the problem of developing pathologies in the retromolar region. Findings can serve a framework for disease prevention and for the improvement of the quality of life of patients. The present study aims to justify the possibility of utilizing morphometric methods to foresee problems in the eruption of third molars. Materials and Methods A comprehensive morphometric study of the lower jaw and facial skeleton involves 100 skulls of Homo sapiens to identify the anatomical causes of problems with wisdom teeth eruption. All said skulls are divided in two groups: I: skulls with intact dentition; II: skulls with impacted third molars. Results This work allows detecting abnormalities in the eruption of the third molar with high probability of success. The abnormalities in point are considered not only those associated with the generally accepted parameters but also those that occur in the leptoprosopic face cases. Conclusions Face type and the structural features of the facial skeleton play a significant role in the abnormal eruption of the lower third molar.

Observation of Double Mandibular Canals and Types of Bifid Canals in Dry Skulls

SummaryBackground/Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess prevalence and morphologic mandibular canal variations in dry skulls.Material and Methods: Panoramic radiographs were obtained of 57 skulls among the academic collection at the University of Pittsburgh. Orthodontic wire was inserted through the mandibular canal as a reference point at panoramic images for localization of the course of the mandibular canal.Results: Double mandibular canals were present in 2 out of 57 skulls (3,5%); one of them was unilateral the other one was bilateral. Additionally, bifurcation of the mandibular canal and different types of configurations were assessed. In five of the specimens (8,8%) bifid canals were identified. Among them, one case (1,7%) was identified as a forward type. In one case additional canal (1,7%), was detected in the retromolar region, which joined the main canal. Three of the specimens (5,3%) showed accessory canal types. These were the canals that detached from the main canal and proceeded towards the molar teeth roots (dental type). All of these bifid canal types were unilateral.Conclusions: Our results depicted the anatomical variations of the mandibular canal. Dental practitioners should be aware of this underestimated but not a rare occurrence of mandibular canal variations in order to avoid complication during surgical procedures.

Aphthous stomatitis as the debut of Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease is an immune-mediated disease characterized by non-specific granulomatous transmural inflammation with segmental damage to any part of the gastrointestinal tract with the formation of extraintestinal and systemic complications. Clinical observation of patient I., 23 years old, a student who was sent for consultation to a gastroenterologist in the direction of a dentist, is presented. Active examination of the gastrointestinal tract during the inspection did not show any complaints. He considers himself ill for 6 months, when he first complained of pain in the neck, sore throat, and body temperature rise to 37.4–37.5 °C, mostly in the evening. Were treated by an otolaryngologist and a dentist without significant effect. In this connection, a biopsy of the ulcerative defect of the left retromolar region was performed, revealing noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. A follow-up examination by a gastroenterologist with colonoscopy and biopsy made it possible to establish Crohn’s disease as the true cause of aphthous stomatitis.