Full-Scale Measurements of Wind Characteristics on a High-Rise Building during Typhoon Sarika

A full-scale measurement of wind characteristics atop a high-rise building (with a height of 115 m) was conducted during the passage of Typhoon Sarika on 18 October 2016. Wind field characteristics, wind speed, and wind direction atop the building were recorded synchronously, and turbulence intensity, turbulence integral scale, gust factor, and power spectrum were investigated. Meanwhile, the time and frequency domain characteristics of the wind field were analyzed. The stationarity test results of Typhoon Sarika at different time steps are researched in a runs test. And the time-frequency analysis of non-stationary samples of fluctuating wind speed are conducted by wavelet transform, the measured data are valuable for the wind-resistant design of high-rise buildings in typhoon-prone regions.

Estimation Formula of Modal Frequency of High-Rise Buildings under Different Wind Speeds during Typhoons

On 18 October 2016, the wind-induced effects of a high-rise building with square section was measured by the monitoring system in Haikou of China during Typhoon Sarika. The wind characteristics atop the building and the time-history responses of the translational and rotational accelerations on different floors were measured by the monitoring system; the first three modal parameters were identified according to the measured acceleration. The results show that the combinations of the cross spectral density function, phase spectrum, and coherence function can clearly judge the phase of the measured floors in the frequency resonance area as well as its modal frequencies at the first three orders. The modal frequencies at the first three orders decrease linearly with the growth of mean wind speed within the range of 0~20m/s. The estimation formula of the modal frequencies of high-rise buildings considering the influences of different wind speeds is put forward, which is expected to fill the gap in the existing specification for the quantitative analysis of the influences of wind-loads on the fundamental frequencies of high-rise buildings.

Adaptive robust control design to enhance smart grid power system stabilization using wind characteristics in Indonesia

<span lang="EN-US">This paper is interested to study power system stability in smart grid power system using wind characteristic in south of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. To overcome the intermittent of wind characteristics, this paper presents adaptive robust control design to enhance power system stabilization. The online identification system is used in this research, which updated whenever the estimated model mismatch exceeds predetermined bounds. Then genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to re-tune parameters controller based on the estimated model. The structure of controller is proportional integral (PI) controller due to the most applicable in industry, simple structure, low cost and high reliability. Robustness of controller is guaranteed by taking system uncertainties into consideration. The performance of the proposed controller has been carried out in a hybrid wind-diesel power system in comparison with previous work controller. Simulation results confirm that damping effect of the proposed controllers are much better that of the conventional controllers against various operating.</span>

The Application of Small-Scale and Large-Scale Wind Turbines in Kerman, Iran; A Case Study

Wind data collected of the three synoptic sites for the period of Jul 2006 to Jun 2008 at the height of 40 m has been used to study the wind characteristics, monthly and annual wind energy potential for three agricultural districts in Kerman ( 30°15/N, 56°58/E ), Iran. Two statistical methods (Meteorological and Weibull) have been applied to determine the wind characteristics. Wind energy density, mean wind speeds and wind speed directions have been investigated. A technical assessment has been done and the electricity generation from five different wind turbines having capacity of (26 kW, 100 kW, 300 kW, 600 kW and 660 kW) has been calculated. The results show that all the locations studied are not suitable for electric wind application in a large-scale.

Partitioning the uncertainty contributions of dependent offshore forcing conditions in the probabilistic assessment of future coastal flooding at a macrotidal site

Getting a deep insight into the role of coastal flooding drivers is of high interest for the planning of adaptation strategies for future climate conditions. Using global sensitivity analysis, we aim to measure the contributions of the offshore forcing conditions (wave/wind characteristics, still water level and sea level rise (SLR) projected up to 2200) to the occurrence of the flooding event (defined when the inland water volume exceeds a given threshold YC) at Gâvres town on the French Atlantic coast in a macrotidal environment. This procedure faces, however, two major difficulties, namely (1) the high computational time costs of the hydrodynamic numerical simulations; (2) the statistical dependence between the forcing conditions. By applying a Monte-Carlo-based approach combined with multivariate extreme value analysis, our study proposes a procedure to overcome both difficulties through the computation of sensitivity measures dedicated to dependent input variables (named Shapley effects) with the help of Gaussian process (GP) metamodels. On this basis, our results outline the key influence of SLR over time. Its contribution rapidly increases over time until 2100 where it almost exceeds the contributions of all other uncertainties (with Shapley effect > 40 % considering the representative concentration pathway RCP4.5 scenario). After 2100, it continues to linearly increase up to > 50 %. The SLR influence depends however on our modelling assumptions. Before 2100, it is strongly influenced by the digital elevation Model (DEM); with a DEM with lower topographic elevation (before the raise of dykes in some sectors), the SLR effect is smaller by ~40 %. This influence reduction goes in parallel with an increase in the importance of wave/wind characteristics, hence indicating how the relative effect of the flooding drivers strongly change when protective measures are adopted. By 2100, the joint role of RCP and of YC impacts the SLR influence, which is reduced by 20–30 % when the mode of the SLR probability distribution is high (for RCP8.5 in particular) and when YC is low (of 50 m3). Finally, by showing that these results are robust to the main uncertainties in the estimation procedure (Monte-Carlo sampling and GP error), the combined GP-Shapley effect approach proves to be a valuable tool to explore and characterize uncertainties related to compound coastal flooding under SLR.