Detection of Human Papilloma Virus in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Introduction: Human Papilloma Virus 16 and 18 affects the keratinocytes of oral mucosa and skin and can lead to the development of dysplastic lesions and ultimately into invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of human Papilloma virus 16 and 18 DNA in already diagnosed oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: 200 biopsy specimens (50 each) of already diagnosed leukoplakia, oral lichen planus (OLP), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma was included for the study. A total 50 control tissue sections, which were obtained during removal of impacted teeth were also included in the study. All 250 specimens were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of HPV 16 and 18. The results are analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 software and Pearson’s chi square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: HPV 16 and 18 was noted in all the OPMDS and oral cancer specimens but the results were not statistically significant. However, not even a single case of control tissue showed the presence of HPV 16 and 18. Conclusions: The results of the present study shows HPV 16 and 18 is present in oral cancer as well as OPMDS, therefore it could be implicated in the pathogenesis of the above mentioned conditions.

451 Metastatic Cervical Cancer to the Duodenum: A Learning Point

Background Carcinoma of the Cervix is the second most common gynaecological malignancy. It usually spreads in a predictable manner with most via direct extension to surrounding structures. When distant metastases present, they usually spread haematogenously and via the lymphatics to the liver, lung and bone marrow. Metastatic spread to the duodenum is rare with only 15 reported cases identifying spread to the bowel. Case Presentation An 81-year-old lady presented with signs and symptoms consistent with bowel obstruction with a background of renal cell carcinoma and cervical cancer. Investigations identified gastric outlet obstruction. Subsequent oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy showed structuring at D1/D2 and a enteric stent was inserted. Biopsies taken at the time showed lymphovascular permeation of the mucosa and submucosa by nests of tumour cells resembling squamous cells. The cells were P16 and P63 positive and FISH analysis detected Human papilloma virus 16. The tissue was identified as metastatic cervical cancer. The patient subsequently did not want further interventions and was referred to palliative care and subsequently passed away due to her illness. Conclusions Few reported cases of metastatic cervical cancer to the bowel have been reported. Of these, most commonly they have presented with obstructive bowel symptoms and metastasised to the duodenum such as in this case. The pathophysiology for this manner of transmission is poorly understood in literature. Obstructive bowel symptoms on the background of cervical cancer should raise the possibility of metastases in future practice.

Patterns of IgM Binding to Tumor Associated Antigen Peptides Correlate with the Type of Brain Tumors

The immune system can be used as a biosensor of the internal environment. Changes in the reactivities of the antibody repertoire can be used as a readout for a wide range of disturbances including various inflammatory conditions and malignant tumors. Extending our previous work based on IgM mimotope libraries, here we report our studies on the interpretability of profiles of IgM reactivities to a library of natural 15-mer peptides derived from 20 tumor associated antigens and 193 linear B cell epitopes involved in tumor pathogenesis. Sera from 21 patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, n=10), brain metastases of other tumors (n=5) and non-tumor bearing neurosurgery patients (n=6) were used to probe their IgM reactivity with an array of 4526 peptide sequences. Using feature selection algorithms, we were able to extract profiles that separated well the three diagnostic groups with accuracy of up to 0.9. A key feature of the profiles extracted was their size (138 peptides for differentiating GBM and 340 – for tumor bearing patients) and origin from practically all tested antigens. Comparable numbers of reactivities were gained or lost in tumor bearing patients. A minimal set of the most significant 41 reactivities from 16 antigens contained disproportionately large number of epitopes from stromelysine-3 and erbB2 receptor with some of the reactivities gained and other lost in cancer patients. Epitopes from human papilloma virus 16 and HTLV-1 were included too. Some of the reactivities were readily interpretable both as antigen source and structural context (signal peptides). The interpretation of the rest requires further confirmatory studies. Thus, a set of natural peptides from tumor antigens readily provides profile of interpretable IgM reactivities which can serve as classifiers for clinically relevant patient stratification.

Bioconjugation of AuNPs with HPV 16/18 E6 antibody through physical adsorption technique

Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) bioconjugates are increasingly being utilised in biomedicine due to their low toxicity on biological tissues and unique electronic and chemical properties. They have been utilised in several biological applications namely manufacture of nanomaterials, biosensing, electron microscopy and drug delivery systems. Particularly, immuno-assays often employ gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance detection of a biological component. This paper presents a study on the bioconjugation of AuNPs with Horse Radish Peroxidase conjugated Human Papilloma Virus 16/18 Early 6 antibodies (CIP5) against Early 6 (E6) oncoprotein that is overexpressed in cervical carcinoma progression through physical adsorption. This bioconjugate can be employed in diagnostic immunoassay for cervical cancer screening. The study also demonstrated that the antibody pI, gold colloidal solution pH and amount of antibody determine the generation of stable Antibody–AuNPs bioconjugates.