Acute and chronic health risk assessment for inhalation and ingestion exposure in acrylic acid leak accidents

We established a hypothetical acrylic acid leak accident scenario, conducted a health risk assessment of local residents, and compared an actual accident case to the hypothetical scenario. The exposed subjects were divided into four age groups, and a noncarcinogenic health risk assessment was conducted for inhalation and soil ingestion. In the hypothetical scenario, 40 tons of acrylic acid was leaked in Ulsan for 1 h from midnight on January 1, 2017. In the actual accident case, 3 L of acrylic acid was leaked in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi Province, for 1 h from 11:00 am on March 5, 2020. The environmental concentration of acrylic acid was calculated using the dynamic multimedia environmental model. Noncarcinogenic assessment of the hypothetical scenario showed the hazard quotient exceeded 1 across all age groups, suggesting that a health risk is likely to occur due to inhalation exposure to acrylic acid resulting from a chemical accident. In addition, Hazardacute exceeded 1 until 2 h after the accident under the hypothetical scenario, indicating the likelihood of a health risk. Thus, we propose a methodology that can assess changing concentrations in a hazardous chemical leak from a chemical accident based on the time, place, the chemical’s behaviors in different environmental media, and the health risk posed by the exposure of the chemical to local residents in the area affected by the accident.

Semantic Network Analysis Using Construction Accident Cases to Understand Workers’ Unsafe Acts

Unsafe acts by workers are a direct cause of accidents in the labor-intensive construction industry. Previous studies have reviewed past accidents and analyzed their causes to understand the nature of the human error involved. However, these studies focused their investigations on only a small number of construction accidents, even though a large number of them have been collected from various countries. Consequently, this study developed a semantic network analysis (SNA) model that uses approximately 60,000 construction accident cases to understand the nature of the human error that affects safety in the construction industry. A modified human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS) framework was used to classify major human error factors—that is, the causes of the accidents in each of the accident summaries in the accident case data—and an SNA analysis was conducted on all of the classified data to analyze correlations between the major factors that lead to unsafe acts. The results show that an overwhelming number of accidents occurred due to unintended acts such as perceptual errors (PERs) and skill-based errors (SBEs). Moreover, this study visualized the relationships between factors that affected unsafe acts based on actual construction accident case data, allowing for an intuitive understanding of the major keywords for each of the factors that lead to accidents.

Construction and Research of Safety Management System for Machine Patrol Operation

Aiming at the flight safety problems existing in UAV power patrol inspection, this study proposes a UAV patrol inspection safety management system (SMS) scheme, which takes the safety target level specified in soar as the target management, based on safety management, modern control theory, risk management, and UAV operation regulations, combined with the actual needs of machine patrol inspection of China Southern Power Grid and the requirements of local government. The UAV SMS scheme is developed from four parts: safety policy, risk management, safety guarantee, and safety promotion, and the application analysis is carried out in combination with the Kobe accident case in 2020. The experimental results demonstrate that the implementation of SMS scheme can effectively reduce the accident risk level during UAV power patrol inspection.

Strategic Management Technical Skills, Interpersonal Skills and Conceptual Skills of Officers in Manning KRI

To achieve increased professionalism, the officers were disturbed by several shipwrecks that occurred. During the period 2013-2016, there have been 32 KRI accidents, the data can show an increasing trend of KRI accidents. In the maritime world, several ship accidents occur due to, among others, natural conditions, technical failures, shipping lane conditions, ship-related factors, human error, and cargo-related factors. This research uses a qualitative research approach with a case study method. From the research results, the ship which weighs 1,900 tons, has dimensions of 90.70 meters x 11.12 meters x 3.4 meters, is powered by 2 diesel engines, which can propel the ship up to a speed of 18 knots and can carry cargo up to 600 tons. happened when the ship finished docking. The habit factor of the ships above, anchoring like that, of course, has a reason, the Commander should in the learning process find out to enrich knowledge through experience to find the truth of the habit because one day it becomes one of the keys to work effectiveness and benefits in taking an action. If he learns from experience, leakage can be avoided. The results of the research show that expertise and responsibility are two of the pillars of professionalism, which are relevant to the case study of the shipwreck that the researcher lifted. The results of the ship accident case study, identified that to prevent accidents, officers must have technical, interpersonal, and conceptual skills. These three factors constitute a totality. This means that all three are interrelated and all KRI officers need some mix of all three. If one of them is not perfect or does not exist, it will have implications for shipping safety.

Acute and Chronic Health Risk Assessment for Inhalation and Ingestion Exposure in Acrylic Acid Leak Accidents

We established a hypothetical acrylic acid leak accident scenario, conducted a health risk assessment of local residents, and compared an actual accident case and the hypothetical scenario. The exposed subjects were divided into four age groups, and a non-carcinogenic risk assessment was conducted for inhalation and soil ingestion. In the hypothetical scenario, 40 tons of acrylic acid were leaked in Ulsan for 1 h from 12:00 am on January 1, 2017, and in the actual accident case, 3 L of acrylic acid were leaked in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi Province, for 1 h from 11:00 am on March 5, 2020. The environmental concentration of acrylic acid was calculated using the dynamic multimedia environmental model. Non-carcinogenic assessment of the hypothetical scenario showed the hazard index exceeded 1 across all age groups, suggesting that a health risk is likely to occur due to inhalation exposure to acrylic acid resulting from a chemical accident. Hazardacute exceeded 1 until 2 h after the accident under the hypothetical scenario, indicating the likelihood of a health risk. Thus, we propose a methodology that can assess changing concentrations in a hazardous chemical leak from a chemical accident based on the time, place, the chemical’s behaviors in different environmental media, and the health risk posed by the exposure of the chemical to local residents in the area affected by the accident.

Massive parietal defect with multiple enteroatmospheric fistulae after thermal injury abdomen in a metal industry accident: Case report of a rare survivor

In industrial foundries, raw metal is heated almost up to its melting point and then passed through the rolling mill to mould it into a desired shape. Contact with hot machinery or the hot metal can cause severe deep burns. When such thermal injury involves the abdominal wall, complex bowel injury can occur, leading to life-threatening abdominal sepsis. We report successful management of a patient with abdominal wall defect and multiple open fistulae. Severe thermal injury of the anterior abdominal wall may be associated with latent bowel injuries and abdominal compartment syndrome. A low threshold for surgery and re-look surgery may prevent complications.