Pemanfaatan Data Sumberdaya Lahan untuk Pengembangan Komoditas Strategis di Indonesia

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. Data sumberdaya lahan untuk 511 kabupaten/kota sudah tersedia mencakup peta tanah, peta kesesuaian lahan, dan peta arahan komoditas pertanian, dilengkapi dengan buku paket rekomendasi pengelolaan lahan. Komoditas yang sudah dievaluasi kesesuaian lahannya mencakup padi, jagung, kedelai, bawang merah, cabe merah, tebu, pakan ternak, kakao, dan kelapa sawit. Data sumberdaya lahan tersebut menjadi bagian penting dalam pengembangan komoditas strategis di Indonesia, terbukti dengan banyaknya permintaan data baik dari Direktorat Jenderal Teknis lingkup Kementerian Pertanian, Kementerian/Lembaga terkait, pengusaha swasta, dan para investor dalam dan luar negeri, serta perguruan tinggi. Peta tematik yang banyak diminati adalah peta kesesuaian lahan dan peta sebaran lahan potensial untuk pengembangan berbagai komoditas strategis, baik untuk intensifikasi di lahan eksisting ataupun lahan ekstensifikasi, terutama di lahan semak belukar yang belum dimanfaatkan. Permasalahan utama adalah belum tersedianya peta penggunaan lahan terkini, sehingga kemungkinan penggunaan lahannya sudah berbeda dan yang diduga potensial untuk perluasan komoditas pertanian ternyata sudah dimanfaatkan. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya penyediaan peta status penguasaan dan penggunaan lahan terbaru, agar para pengguna data yakin bahwa lahan potensial tersebut benar tersedia di lapangan.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>. Land resources data for 511 regency/cities is available consisting of soil maps, land suitability maps, and recommended agricultural commodities maps, completed with a land management recommendation package book. Commodities that have been evaluated for land suitability including rice, corn, soybeans, shallots, red chillies, sugar cane, animal feed, cocoa, and palm oil. Land resources data is important in the development of strategic commodities in Indonesia. There has been numerous data requests from the Technical Directorate General of the Ministry of Agriculture, relevant Ministries/Institutions, private entrepreneurs and domestic and foreign investors, and universities. The most on demand thematic maps are land suitability maps and maps of potential land distribution for developing various strategic commodities both for agricultural intensification and land expansion (extensification). Unfortunately, the up to date landuse map is barely available and the precise area that is potentaly available for agricultural land expansion is hardly defined. Therefore, providing the most recent land status and landuse maps is very important to convince map users that the precise potential area for agricultural land expansion could be axactly defined.</p>

Assessing land use and land cover changes and Effects of Large-scale Agricultural Farm Expansion in Southwester Ethiopia by using remote sensing/GIS tools.

Development initiatives like the recent increase in large-scale investment agriculture have made a significant impact on the forest. In the name of development, the land is often given to investors often in long-term leases and at bargain prices. Research on deforestation has been mostly restricted to poverty and population growth as the driving forces for tropical deforestation; however, explanations emphasizing market factors such as increases in large-scale investment agriculture as a cause of deforestation have only been carried out in a small number of areas. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of agricultural land expansion in changing land use and land use cover changes using remote sensing/GIS tools in Sheka zone southwester Ethiopia from 1995 to 2015. The results showed that expansion of investment agriculture has a clear impact on both the local people and the forest ecosystem. The conversion of forestland to investment agriculture has caused varied and extensive environmental degradation to the Sheka forest. The Land Use and Land Cover changes in the Sheka zone are discussed based on underlying socioeconomic factors.

Utilization of Peatland Technology For Food Availability in a Legal Perspective

The results of this research revealed that problematics with the use of peat technology due to the rate of conversion of agricultural land, expansion of agricultural land, and increasing production of food crops is not optimal, despite long-term solutions to the crisis of fire and haze. Therefore, it is important to implement Government Regulation of 2016 about the Protection and Management of Peat Ecosystems to meet the basic needs of the community from local resources. The problem is what is the government’s effort to improve the realization of food sufficiency through the use of peatlands and what is the legal basis above that. The research methods use a normative juridical method, by used secondary data obtained through study literature and analysed qualitatively. The results and discussion of this research are that the government’s efforts in applying standard technology efficiently produce useful results with the use of peat as a solution to food security through a touch of technology. The legal basis is the Presidential Regulation of 2016 about Peat Restoration Agency, which functions to accelerate the restoration of the area and restore the hydrological functions of peat due to forest and land fires in a special, systematic, directed, integrated and comprehensive manner.Keywords: Food Availability, Peatlands, Technology Abstrak:Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa problematika dengan penggunaan teknologi gambut karena laju konversi lahan pertanian, perluasan lahan pertanian, dan peningkatan produksi tanaman pangan tidak optimal, meskipun solusi jangka panjang untuk krisis kebakaran dan kabut. Karena itu, penting untuk menerapkan Peraturan Pemerintah 2016 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Gambut untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar masyarakat dari sumber daya lokal. Masalahnya adalah apa upaya pemerintah untuk meningkatkan realisasi kecukupan pangan melalui penggunaan lahan gambut dan apa dasar hukum di atas itu. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi pustaka dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil dan diskusi dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa upaya pemerintah dalam menerapkan teknologi standar secara efisien menghasilkan hasil yang bermanfaat dengan penggunaan gambut sebagai solusi untuk ketahanan pangan melalui sentuhan teknologi. Dasar hukumnya adalah Peraturan Presiden tahun 2016 tentang Badan Restorasi Gambut, yang berfungsi untuk mempercepat restorasi kawasan dan mengembalikan fungsi hidrologis gambut akibat kebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan cara khusus, sistematis, terarah, terpadu, terintegrasi dan komprehensif.Kata kunci: Ketersediaan Pangan, Lahan Gambut, Teknologi АннотацияРезультаты этого исследования показывают, что проблемы в использовании торфяных технологий включают скорость преобразования сельскохозяйственных земель, расширение сельскохозяйственных земель и увеличение производства продовольственных культур, которое не является оптимальным. Хотя использование торфяных технологий – это долгосрочное решение проблемы пожаров и смога. В связи с этим важно реализовать Постановление Правительства от 2016 года о защите и управлении торфяными экосистемами для удовлетворения основных потребностей сообщества из местных ресурсов. Обнаруженная проблема заключается в том, насколько усилиями правительства возможно повысить реализацию продовольственной достаточности за счет использования торфяников и какова правовая основа для этого. Используемый метод исследования является нормативно-юридическим с использованием вторичных данных, полученных в результате изучения литературы и проанализируемых качественным методом. Результаты и обсуждение данного исследования заключаются в том, что усилия правительства по применению стандартной технологии эффективно дают полезные результаты с использованием торфа в качестве решения для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности посредством технологического подхода. Правовой основой является Постановление Президента 2016 года об Агентстве по Восстановлению торфа, функция которого заключается в ускорении восстановления территории и восстановлении гидрологической функции торфа в результате лесных и земельных пожаров особым, систематическим, направленным, интегрированным, комплексным и всесторонним образом.Ключевые слова: наличие продовольствия, торфяники, технология

Agricultural Expansion-Induced Infiltration Rate Change in a West African Tropical Catchment

Land use and land cover in the Dano catchment is characterized by a rapid conversion from seminatural vegetation (fallow) to agriculture (cropland). The study compares both the saturated (Ks) and the unsaturated (Kh) hydraulic conductivities under cropland and fallow in the catchment to gain insights into the effect of the current land use on soil water dynamics. Hydraulic conductivity was measured under forty-two (42) pairs of adjacent cropland-fallow plots using a Hood infiltrometer. Ks, Kh, bulk density, and soil texture were further compared using a paired two-tailed Student’s t-test (p=0.05). The results showed that both Ks and Kh are highly variable irrespective of the land use type (coefficient of variation > 100%). The results also showed that Ks was significantly higher (1.16-fold on average) under fallow compared to cropland. As for Kh, the results showed that, from −2 cm to zero tension heads (h), Kh under cropland and fallow is not significantly different; however, as the supplied tension decreases up to the saturation state, Kh under fallow becomes statistically higher compared to cropland. No significant difference was found between soil textures and bulk density under cropland and fallow meaning that the observed differences of Ks and Kh under cropland and fallow were caused by land use and not preexisting difference in texture. These results suggest an increasing risk of erosion, soil fertility reduction, and flood in the catchment because of agricultural land expansion.

Ethnobotanical Studies of Medicinal Plants used to Treat Human and Livestock Ailments in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia: A Systematic Review

Like many other parts of Ethiopia, people in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples&rsquo; Region (SNNPR) do have indigenous knowledge on the preparation and use of traditional medicinal plants. Even though different studies have been conducted to document medicinal plants in different zones of SNNPR separately, there is no previous review work which summarizes the medicinal plants and the associated indigenous knowledge at the regional level (at SNNPR region as a whole or in large scale). Also, there is no previous review work that prioritizes the factors that affect medicinal plants at the regional level (including threatened medicinal plants). The purpose of this paper was to review habitat, growth forms, the method of remedy preparation and administration, marketability of medicinal plants, and to prioritize the factors that affect medicinal plants in SNNPR. Most of the medicinal plants in the majority of the reviewed areas are harvested from wild. Herbs are the most utilized life forms and leaves are the most utilized plant part in the preparation of remedies. Fresh plant materials are the most employed in the preparation of remedies. Majority of medicinal plants are not marketable. Agricultural land expansion is a major threat to medicinal plants which followed by deforestation. Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, Prunus africana, Echinops kebericho, Croton macrostachys, Cordia africana and Dodonaea angustifolia, Hagenia abyssinica, Withania somnifera and Ficus spp are the highly affected medicinal plant species which require conservation and management priority in the region.

Studi Populasi Mikrob Fungsional pada Tanah Gambut yang Diaplikasikan Dua Jenis Pestisida

Agricultural land expansion necessity for food security in Indonesia has been faced by the fact in utilizing marginal land such as shallow peat soil in Central Kalimantan. Among problems encountered in such marginal land are pests and diseases incidence. Farmers practice in dealing with those problems is the chemical pesticides application. Unintended chemical pesticides that fall on/into the soil might have an adverse effect to soil microbes activity. This research aimed to assess the effect of pesticides on functional soil microbes population in peat soil. The research used completely randomized factorial design with two factors. First factor was 7 combinations of types (paraquat and buthylphenylmethyl carbamat (BPMC)) and dosages (50, 100, and 200% of recommended dosage) of pesticides. Second factor was 4 incubation times (1, 7, 14, and 28 days). Following the each of incubation times, the soil samples treated and analyzed for population of phosphate solubilizing microbes, cellulolytic microbes, and N2 fixing bacteria. The results show that phosphate solubilizing fungi population decrease by pesticides treatment. In contrast, pesticides significantly increased the Azospirillum population. Adverse effect to microbes population was found on the first day of incubation, however it recovered at 7 days and longer incubation times. In general, functional microbes population with paraquat application lower than BPMC application.