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Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Anna Małgorzata Jachimowicz

The article presents the process of creating a tool using GIS systems to describe the city’s spatial structure. Therefore, the subject of this research was the method of describing the city structure using non-functional zoning, in conjunction with the use of urban indicators. Using the relationships between the values of urban indicators and individual typologies of buildings, they can be assigned to subsequent zones from the Rural-to-Urban Transect methodology. Therefore, in this article, urban indicators have been defined, thanks to which it is possible to distinguish different typologies of buildings. Next, the relationships between selected indicators and transect zones have been examined, and thanks to the obtained conclusions, transect zones for Warsaw have been defined. Finally, the spatial structure of a selected part of Warsaw has been described using these zones. The purpose of this study is also to initially assess the usefulness of the developed tool for the needs of urban planners.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Singh Rautela ◽  
Mohit Kumar ◽  
Varun Khajuria ◽  
M. A. Alam

AbstractAssessment of the geomorphometric parameters using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools forms an important part in routing the runoff and other hydrological processes. The current study uses a geospatial model based on geomorphometric parameters for the categorization of surface runoff and identification of the erosion-prone areas in the watershed of the Kuttiyadi River. The 4th order Kuttiyadi river is dominated by a dendritic to semi-dendritic drainage pattern in the subwatersheds. The linear aspect of the subwatersheds indicates towards the presence of permeable surface and subsurface materials with uniform lithology. The aerial and relief aspects of the subwatersheds shows fine drainage texture, gentle slopes, delayed peak flow, flatter hydrograph, and large concentration time which shows that subwatersheds are quite capable of managing flash floods during storm events. The estimated values of surface runoff (Q) and sediment production rate (SPR) are range from 2.13 to 32.88 km2-cm/km2 and 0.0004–0.017 Ha-m/100km2/year respectively and suggest that Subwatershed 1 (SW1) will generate more surface runoff and is prone to soil erosion followed by subwatershed 2 (SW2) in comparison to other subwatersheds. This paper aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding categorization of flow and erosion dynamics in a coastal river watershed. We believe that our work may work help in providing the crucial information for decision-makers and policymakers responsible for establishing suitable policies and sustainable land use practices for the watershed.


2022 ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Helmuth Yesid Arias-Gomez ◽  
Gabriela Antošová

This chapter deals with some technical aspects of the spatial strategy for overcoming the huge challenges posed by the pandemic. The focus of this chapter is to highlight the use of GIS tools and positioning technologies in diverse contexts to manage the threat of COVID-19. For this task, three stages of analysis are proposed. In a first preventive stage, some governments applied socioeconomic criteria drawn from existent statistical information to spatially identify the areas with a clear predisposition toward the accelerated spread of the contagion. In a second stage, when the pandemic fully reached a rapid pace of expansion and lockdown measures became necessary, the technologies helped to monitor the most affected areas and to establish a dashboard deployment for visualizing the severity of the catastrophe. In the third stage, after the establishment of control and mobility protocols, different governments resorted to mobile phone positioning as a resource for monitoring quarantine compliance and recognizing if social group behavior entailed any evident risk or spread.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Hofierka ◽  
Katarína Onačillová

Albedo is an important parameter in many environmental and renewable energy models. Satellite sensors can be used to derive broadband or narrowband albedos. However, the spatial resolution of such data can be insufficient in urban areas with complex morphology and land cover diversity. In this study, we propose the use of widely available aerial orthophotographs to derive visible band albedo in urban surfaces that can be effectively used in high-resolution applications. The solution is based on the estimation of the reflected irradiance captured by an RGB sensor and approximated by the brightness component in the hue-saturation-brightness (HSB) color model and incident solar irradiance modelled by the r.sun module in GRASS GIS. The visible band albedo values are calibrated by published reference values for selected land cover classes or, alternatively, by a spectroradiometer. The method is applied to the central part of Košice and compared to visible band albedo derived from the Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 2A sensors and previously published typical albedo values for various land cover classes, resulting in reasonable agreement. The proposed methodology is implemented using standard GIS tools that are easily applicable to any high-resolution urban data.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Aswar Amiruddin ◽  
Asta Asta ◽  
Rosmalia Handayani

Watershed delineation is the process of determining an area that contributes to the flow of rainfall (precipitation) into runoff to the outlet. The watershed delineation analysis in this study used the HEC-HMS version 4.4 and QGIS 3.16 . HEC HMS version 4.4 has GIS tools that have been directly integrated to facilitate the watershed delineation process. The study area in this research is the Tojo watershed which is located in Central Sulawesi Province. The digital elevation model (DEM) data source used is DEMNAS BIG with a spatial resolution is 8,1 meters. The results of watershed delineation using HEC-HMS 4.4 software are the same as the results of watershed delineation using QGIS 3.16 software. There is a slight difference in the watershed boundary in some parts when zoomed in. The watershed area produced by each GIS Softwares are HEC-HMS 212,583 km2, QGIS 212,5404 km2. The HEC-HMS 4.4 software gives quite good results on the boundary analysis of the Tojo watershed, so the HEC-HMS 4.4 software can also be used in other researches in the field of water resources. 


Author(s):  
I. Yu. Chernova ◽  
◽  
D. K. Nourgaliev ◽  
O. S. Chernova ◽  
O. V. Luneva ◽  
...  

Structural and geomorphological methods are often applied to the search for small oil-producing structures. Morphometric analysis of digital elevation models has proved to be the most informative one. Morphometric surfaces can be used to evaluate the direction and amplitude of vertical movements, to outline local and regional neotectonic structures and assess their petroleum saturation. This paper shows how to enhance the traditional morphometric analysis with GIS (geographic information systems) tools. A manifold increase in the efficiency of morphometric analysis takes it to a qualitatively new level. Setting specific parameters for some geoprocessing tools (for example, stream network tools) can be very important when studying local structures in small areas. In case of large territories, the output result is almost independent of the calculation errors. The improved technique proposed in this paper was tested on a large territory located in the Volga region. As a result, high-order morphometric surfaces were obtained, which was not possible before. In addition, a statistically significant relationship was discovered between morphometric surfaces and distribution of oil deposits, which can be considered a reliable prospecting indicator in the Volga-Ural petroleum province. Keywords: neotectonics; structural and morphological methods; geoinformation systems; hydrocarbon potential assessment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Itxaro Latasa ◽  
Angela Laurenz ◽  
Juan Sádaba

Green Infrastructure (GI) has gained importance in recent years as it has been revealed as an essential piece to face the environmental problem generated by the incessant growth of urbanization, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. In this vein, the results of a research aimed at investigating the challenges posed by the implementation of the GI in the usual compact urban spaces in the cities of the Mediterranean area are presented, based on the analysis of indicators on green spaces in the Spanish city of Pamplona. A comparative analysis of the indicators (green spaces and trees) in the city’s neighbourhoods using GIS tools reveals the high intra-urban inequalities as well as the existence of, particularly, underfunded areas. The morphological analysis of one of the underfunded spaces (La Milagrosa neighbourhood) also shows that the narrowness of the road and the shortage of green spaces constitute obstacles that must be addressed from the planning tools of the GI. The results allow us to reflect on the importance of the scale of analysis in the planning processes of the UGI (Urban Green Infrastructure) and on neighbourhood the suitability of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) as an alternative for the design and implementation of the UGI.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Lustig ◽  
sarah klassen ◽  
Damian Evans ◽  
Robert French ◽  
Ian Moffat

This paper examines the construction and design of a 7-km long embankment, probably builtfor King Jayavarman IV between 928 and 941 CE, as part of a new capital. We calculate thatthe capacities of the outlets were too small, and conclude that the embankment failed, probablywithin a decade of construction, so that the benefits of the reservoir stored by the embankmentand the access road on top of it were lessened substantially. We explain how the design wassub-optimal for construction, and that while the layout had a high aesthetic impact, theprocesses for ensuring structural integrity were poor. Simple and inexpensive steps to securethe weir were not undertaken. We speculate that this early failure may have contributed to thedecision to return the royal court and the capital of the Khmer Empire to the Angkor region,marking a critically important juncture in regional history.Abbreviations: APHRODITE, Asian Precipitation – Highly Resolved Observational DataIntegration Towards Evaluation (of Water Resources); ARI, annual recurrence interval; ASL,above sea level; DIAS, Data Integration and Analysis System; EFEO, École françaised'Extrême-Orient; GPR, ground penetrating radar; HEC-GeoRAS, Hydrologic EngineeringCenter: GIS tools for support of HEC-RAS; HEC-RAS, Hydrologic Engineering Center: RiverAnalysis System; HEC-HMS, Hydrologic Engineering Center: Hydrologic Modeling System;MCS, mesoscale convective system; RMSE, root mean square error; SRTM, NASA ShuttleRadar Topography Mission; TRMM, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Podolskaia
Keyword(s):  


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