PHRASEOLOGISM EXPRESSING THE VALUE OF TIME IN THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE

В данной статье приводится теоретическаяинформация, на основании которой может быть произведен лингвистический анализ фразеологических единиц (ФЕ), служащих для выражения категории времени в осетинском языке. Основная функция фразеологизмов, образно выражающих значение времени, не столько информативная, объяснительная, мотивирующая, сколько экспрессивная, оценочная. Данное явление лингвистически представлено в формировании компонентов фразеологического значения образных единиц с временным значением. Структурно-семантические модели рассматриваемых фразеологизмов отражают взаимодействие грамматических и семантических факторов. Весьма значимым представляется проведенное в данной статье структурно-семантическое исследование элементов фразеологических единиц, а также произведенный в рамках исследования структурно-семантический анализ компонентов, реализующих временные отношения в составе рассматриваемых устойчивых единиц. Авторами основной акцент сделан на рассмотрении национально-культурных особенностей в устойчивых словосочетаниях. Принципиально новым в работе представляется установление авторами основных способов выявления концептуализации времени в рамках изменения и взаимо­действия фразеологизмов как целостных структур и ментальных образований, выражающих временные отношения. Авторынацелены на установление спецификивоплощения реального и ирреального времени в осетинских фразеологических единицах. В основе исследования рассматриваемого вопроса лежит лингвокультурологический подход к изучениюобразования и динамики лексическо-грамматической характеристики фразеологических единиц, имеющих значение времени. Подобный подход позволяет обнаружить идентичные и отличающиеся структурно-семантические и синтаксические модели фразеологических единицв осетинском языке. В данном исследовании языковые универсалии находят воплощение в средствах усиления образности, экспрессивности, эмоциональности, в так называемых мотивационных моделях, способствующих не только обобщению и систематизации языкового материала, но и выявлению источника и основы фразеологического образа. Исследованиеданных фразеологизмов в современном осетинском языке способствует возможности выявить сходные и различные синтаксические, мотивационные и структурно-семантические модели фразеологизмов. This article provides theoretical information on the basis of which a linguistic analysis of phraseological units can be made, which serve to express the category of time in the Ossetian language. The main function of phraseological units, figuratively expressing the meaning of time, is more expressive, evaluative than informative, explanatory, motivating. This phenomenon is linguistically represented in the formation of the components of the phraseological meaning of figurative units with a temporal meaning. Structural and semantic models of the phraseological units under consideration reflect the interaction of grammatical and semantic factors. The structural-semantic study of the elements of phraseological units carried out in this article, as well as the structural-semantic analysis of the components that implement temporal relations in the structure of the stable units under consideration, seem to be very significant. The authors place the main emphasis on the consideration of national and cultural characteristics in set phrases. Fundamentally new in the work is the establishment by the authors of the main ways of identifying the conceptualization of time within the framework of the change and interaction of phraseological units as integral structures and mental formations expressing temporal relationships. The authors aim at establishing the specifics of the embodiment of real and surreal time in Ossetian phraseological units. The study of the issue under consideration is based on a linguoculturological approach to the study of the formation and dynamics of the lexical and grammatical characteristics of phraseological units that have the meaning of time. This approach allows one to find identical and different structural-semantic and syntactic models of phraseological units in the Ossetian language. In this study, linguistic universals are embodied in the means of enhancing imagery, expressiveness, emotionality, in the so-called motivational models that contribute not only to the generalization and systematization of linguistic material, but also to identify the source and basis of the phraseological image. The study of these phraseological units in the modern Ossetian language contributes to the ability to identify similar and different syntactic, motivational and structural-semantic models of phraseological units.

Qualitative Investigation of Hamiltonian Systems by Application of Skew-Symmetric Differential Forms

In the present paper, a role of Hamiltonian systems in mathematical and physical formalisms is considered with the help of skew-symmetric differential forms. In classical mechanics the Hamiltonian system is realized from the Euler–Lagrange equation as the integrability condition of the Euler-Lagrange equation and discloses specific features of Lagrange formalism. In the theory of differential equations, the Hamiltonian systems reveals canonical relations that define the integrability conditions of differential equations. The Hamiltonian systems, as a self-independent equations, are an example of dynamic systems that describe a behavior of dynamical systems in phase space. The connection of the Hamiltonian systems with differential equations and dynamical systems point to the fact that dynamical systems can be generated by differential equations. Under the investigation of Hamiltonian systems, in addition to exterior skew-symmetric differential forms it is suggested to use the skew-symmetric differential forms that are defined on a nonintegrable manifolds and possess a nontraditional mathematical apparatus, such as degenerate transformations and transitions from nonintegrable manifold to integral structures.

Crystalline Cohomology of Towers of Curves

We investigate the geometry of finite maps and correspondences between curves, and construct canonical trace and pullback maps between Hyodo–Kato integral structures on de Rham cohomology of curves, which are functorial for finite morphisms of the generic fibres. This leads to a crystalline version of the étale cohomology of towers of modular curves considered by Hida and Ohta, whose ordinary part satisfies $\Lambda $-adic control and Eichler–Shimura theorems.

Citation Practices in the Literature Review: A Contrastive Study of Sudanese and British Applied Linguistics Ph.D. Theses

Manifest intertextuality is a fundamental aspect of all academic discourse, and, hence, this study purports to explorethe myriad functions of citation in a representative and contrastive corpus drawn from 20 Literature Review chaptersin the domain of Applied Linguistics, and equally divided among Ph.D. theses successfully defended in Sudan andBritain. A variety of typologies were utilized to elicit citations, including Thompson’s (2005) classification ofintegral and non-integral citations, together with Hyland’s (2002) designation of denotative and evaluative functionsassociated with reporting verbs. Groom’s (2000) and Petric’s (2007) notions of averral and attribution, propositionalresponsibility and knowledge transformation also inform this investigation. Results indicate that the densedeployment of citations and the predilection both corpora have for integral structures, verbatim quotations andpresent active Discourse reporting verbs are largely dictated by the discursive and human-imbued nature of AppliedLinguistics. On the other hand, the findings reveal that Sudanese candidates formally and functionally employcitations in manners markedly different from their British peers. Thus, the Sudanese corpus is characterized byblatant errors, repetition and awkwardness in both documenting sources and reporting the findings of research.Moreover, naïve unwarranted quotations and authorial evaluations were ubiquitously observed, as compared to theBritish corpus. More significantly, there were ample variations in the way in which the two groups conceive of therole of the Literature Review. While the British adopted a range of Writer-oriented and metadiscoursal strategies toamalgamate and integrate the cited materials within their mainstream arguments, the Sudanese candidates werestrictly concerned with unmediated and uncontested attribution of ideas to their authors. Such is the synthetic natureof the resultant type of this Literature Review that the writer’s textual voice is submerged under the sheer burden ofsuccessive descriptive citations, thus eclipsing almost all of the objectives of this chapter in critiquing sources andsubordinating the cited literature to the overarching transformative perspective of the thesis writer. The Discussion isilluminated through extensive quotations from the two corpora.

Development of Diffusion Welding Process for High Temperature Materials

Aerospace vehicle requires structures to withstand intense aerodynamic heating and propulsion system to provide very high effective heat exchange. In order to satisfy both requirements of effective thermal exchange and mechanical properties, high temperature materials, or sometimes dissimilar metals with different properties must be joined together. In this study, it is demonstrated that diffusion welding process can be applied to manufacturing lightweight integral structures of aerospace structural parts with titanium and stainless steel. The results show that the technology to design and develop the diffusion welding process of high temperature metals can be applied for manufacturing of aerospace components for high temperature application.