The production of π±, K±, p and p̄ in p–Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV

In this study, we are reporting comprehensive results on [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] production in the transverse momentum range of [Formula: see text] 4 GeV/c at midrapidity of [Formula: see text] 0.5 GeV/c, in p–Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] = 5.02 TeV. HIJING 1.0 and UrQMD 3.4 event generators are used to perform simulations and the results are compared with the ALICE and RHIC data. It is observed from the comparison that the yields for the baryons are more complex compared to the mesons and the complexity in baryons is due to the striping dynamics (spectators, leading particles of projectiles) of inner nucleus protons and neutrons. Though all the mesons could be produced during the interaction, they have maximum longitudinal momentum [Formula: see text]; baryons and mesons could be produced as a result of decay of massive baryon-resonances. Yields for the [Formula: see text] mesons are greater than the yield for the [Formula: see text] mesons. These are the well-known results from the RHIC data, which stated that the Cronin Effect is mainly due to [Formula: see text] mesons that can be produced as a result of multi-particle inner nucleus cascade. There exists the regions where yields for the [Formula: see text] mesons and baryons are same that may be due to the appearance of parton nature. The code used in simulation includes the parton dynamics earlier than it is included in the experiment.

A STUDY OF MULTIFRACTALITY AND PHASE TRANSITION IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS — EXPERIMENTAL DATA VERSUS MODEL SIMULATION

In this paper, we have investigated the presence of multifractality and the possibility of quark–hadron phase transition in the multiparticle production in [Formula: see text]O–AgBr, [Formula: see text]Si–AgBr and [Formula: see text]S–AgBr interactions at 4.5[Formula: see text]AGeV/[Formula: see text] in the framework of Ginzburg–Landau theory of second-order phase transition following the Takagi moment methodology. The same analysis with the factorial moment method has also been performed. Experimental results have been compared with the prediction of UrQMD and AMPT models. A comparison of experimental results with the analysis of UrQMD simulated RHIC data by the method of Takagi moment has also been presented. Comparison of experimental results with previous results of emulsion experiments has been mentioned.

A critical review of RHIC experimental results

The relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) was constructed to achieve an asymptotic state of nuclear matter in heavy-ion collisions, a near-ideal gas of deconfined quarks and gluons denoted quark–gluon plasma or QGP. RHIC collisions are indeed very different from the hadronic processes observed at the Bevalac and AGS, but high-energy elementary-collision mechanisms are also non-hadronic. The two-component model (TCM) combines measured properties of elementary collisions with the Glauber eikonal model to provide an alternative asymptotic limit for A–A collisions. RHIC data have been interpreted to indicate formation of a strongly-coupled QGP (sQGP) or "perfect liquid". In this review, I consider the experimental evidence that seems to support such conclusions and alternative evidence that may conflict with those conclusions and suggest different interpretations.

SMALL x PHYSICS AND RHIC DATA

This is a review of applications of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) to the phenomenology of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The initial stages of the collision can be understood in terms of the nonperturbatively strong nonlinear glasma color fields. We discuss how the CGC framework can and has been used to compute properties of the initial conditions of AA collisions. In particular this has led to recent progress in understanding multiparticle correlations, which can provide a directly observable signal of the properties of the initial stage of the collision process.

NONMONOTONIC TARGET EXCITATION DEPENDENCE OF PION CLANS IN RELATIVISTIC NUCLEUS–NUCLEUS COLLISIONS

Target excitation dependence of fluctuation of produced pions (i.e. classifying data of the fluctuation pattern on pions on the basis of the number of gray tracks) is studied for nucleus–nucleus collisions at different projectile energies. In each set the experimental multiplicity distribution is compared with the negative binomial distribution (NBD), which is found to describe the experimental distribution quite well. Target excitation dependence is studied in respect of the clan model parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which are extracted from the NBD fit parameters [Formula: see text] and k. A detailed comparison between different interactions at the same energy and the same interactions at different energies is also drawn. A nonmonotonic dependence of [Formula: see text] on 〈ng〉 is revealed, which is also a characteristic of multiplicity fluctuations at RHIC data.