A Tensor-Based Formulation of Hetero-Functional Graph Theory

Recently, hetero-functional graph theory (HFGT) has developed as a means to mathematically model the structure of large-scale complex flexible engineering systems. It does so by fusing concepts from network science and model-based systems engineering (MBSE). For the former, it utilizes multiple graph-based data structures to support a matrix-based quantitative analysis. For the latter, HFGT inherits the heterogeneity of conceptual and ontological constructs found in model-based systems engineering including system form, system function, and system concept. These diverse conceptual constructs indicate multi-dimensional rather than two-dimensional relationships. This paper provides the first tensor-based treatment of hetero-functional graph theory. In particular, it addresses the “system concept” and the hetero-functional adjacency matrix from the perspective of tensors and introduces the hetero-functional incidence tensor as a new data structure. The tensor-based formulation described in this work makes a stronger tie between HFGT and its ontological foundations in MBSE. Finally, the tensor-based formulation facilitates several analytical results that provide an understanding of the relationships between HFGT and multi-layer networks.

Requirements for the Optimal Design for the Metasystematic Sustainability of Digital Double-Form Systems

The United Nations defined tenable progress as a development that responds to the demands of the current without adjusting the capacity of further generations to fulfil their own requirements; this is a fundamental idea in this article. This study recognizes three aspects, financial, social, and environmental sustainability, although its emphasis is on the latter. An electronic copy is sometimes characterized a physical thing, a real counterpart, and the data, which indicates the presence of a connector and block for effective and efficient data transmission. This article offers a systematic literature review on the sustainability of designed technology-based systems. This article also introduces the major requirements which can be helpful in designing optimal design for sustainability of a digital double-form system. Many articles on DT have also been chosen since they referenced the studied SLRs and were deemed to be significant for the objectives of this study. Selected and analysed for papers revealed so many flaws and challenges: the boons of are not clear; DTs throughout the result the wheel of life of the DTs is not adequately surveyed; DTs can contribute to cost reduction or to support decision-making is unclear; Internet practice should be improved and better integrated Moreover, it has not been feasible from our study to locate a publication which solely discusses DTs in relation with situational sustainability.

Grass-roots junior doctor communication network in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a service evaluation

BackgroundCOVID-19 was declared a worldwide pandemic on 11 March 2020. Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust provides 1412 inpatient beds staffed by 1200 junior doctors and faced a large burden of COVID-19 admissions.Local problemA survey of doctors revealed only 20% felt confident that they would know to whom they could raise concerns and that most were getting information from a combination of informal work discussions, trust emails, social media and medical literature.MethodsThis quality improvement project was undertaken aligning with Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence 2.0 guidelines. Through an iterative process, a digital network (Imperial Covid cOmmunications Network; ICON) using existing smartphone technologies was developed. Concerns were collated from the junior body and conveyed to the leadership team (vertical—bottom-up using Google Form) and responses were conveyed from leadership to the junior body (vertical—top-down using WhatsApp and Zoom). Quantitative analysis on engagement with the network (members of the group and number of issues raised) and qualitative assessment (thematic analysis on issues) were undertaken.ResultsMembership of the ICON WhatsApp group peaked at 780 on 17 May 2020. 197 concerns were recorded via the Google Form system between 20 March and 14 June 2020. There were five overarching themes: organisational and logistics; clinical strategy concerns; staff safety and well-being; clinical (COVID-19) and patient care; and facilities. 94.4% of members agreed ICON was helpful in receiving updates and 88.9% agreed ICON improved collaboration.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that a coordinated network using existing smartphone technologies and a novel communications structure can improve collaboration between senior leadership and junior doctors. Such a network could play an important role during times of pressure in a healthcare system.

Kajian Biomorphic Architecture dalam Perancangan Oceanarium Pekanbaru

<p><em>Pekanbaru is a city that is growing rapidly and becomes one of the cities that is frequently visited. But the tourist attraction by the city of Pekanbaru are still lacking. Besides that in the geographical triangle, the water region in Riau Province is bigger than the land area, so the water region in Riau Province has a very high potential. But education about marine life and conservation areas that support biota protection in Riau province is still very least. Therefore, we need a public facility that is equipped with recreational, educational, and conservational needs. To actualize these public facilities, then will be designed an Oceanarium in Pekanbaru City. Oceanarium is a reservoir in a giant aquarium for the conservation of plants and marine biota that serves as a means of education, research, preservation, marine development, and exhibited as a means of recreation. The theme of the Oceanarium in Pekanbaru is Biomorphic Architecture. Biomorphic Architecture is part of architectural design that proposes all ideas taken from organic life, by form, system, or movement. Through the concept of Ocean Life Dynamics, the characteristics of building functions can be made as recreational facilities, conservation, and education about life under the sea.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>

Aubry-Mather type at the single resonance

This chapter proves Aubry-Mather type in the single-resonance regime. It proves that for a single-resonance normal form system which satisfies the non-degeneracy conditions, every c in the resonance curve is of either Aubry-Mather or bifurcation Aubry-Mather type. The main results are Theorems 9.3 and 9.5, which restate Propositions 3.9 and 3.10. The chapter then proves that the conditions hold on an open and dense set of Hamiltonians. It discusses bifurcations in the double maxima case, as well as hyperbolic coordinates. The chapter also examines normally hyperbolic invariant cylinder, the localization of the Aubry and Mañé sets, and the genericity of the single-resonance conditions.

Kajian Karakteristik Rumah Kongsi Etnis Tionghoa Udik Di Tangerang Raya

Chinese migrants settled in Malay Archipelago in the 15th century. They carried their culture, especially their traditional houses (Kongsi). They come from Guangdong and Fujian, whose ethnicities are Hokkien, Hakka, Cantonese, Teochew. In Tangerang Raya area there are still a number of these houses that have survived, but are threatened with extinction. Though this house is also one of Indonesia's architectural heritage. So it is important to conduct its architectural research as an initial effort for conservation. What are the architectural characteristics of Kongsi's house in Tangerang Raya? Are there changes and shifts in characteristics that are different from the origin? This study uses qualitative methods by conducting observations of primary data in the field and other secondary data sources. This study aims to examine the character of the space system, the shape-form system, and the stylistic system of Kongsi houses in Tangerang Raya in three locations, namely: Panongan, Sewan, and Teluk Naga. The results showed that Kongsi houses in Tangerang Raya followed the traditional Siheyuan type of Chinese house. But there are some changes and shifts in the form of adaptation to the local local environment; minor on the system of space, moderate on the system of shape, major on the stylistic system.

Control Based on Linear Algebra for Trajectory Tracking and Positioning of Second-Order Chained Form System

The development of controllers for underactuated systems with nonholonomic constraints has been a topic of significant interest for many researchers in recent years. These systems are hard to control because their linearization transform them into uncontrollable systems. The proposed approaches involve the use of a permanent excitation in the reference trajectory; coordinate transformation; discontinuities; or complex calculations. This paper proposes the design of the controller of the second-order chained form system for trajectory tracking by using a simpler approach based on linear algebra. Up to the present time, no controllers based on this approach have been designed for that system. The control problem is solved by setting two of the three systems variables as a reference, while the remaining variable is calculated imposing the condition that the equations system has an exact solution to ensure that tracking errors go to zero. The stability of the proposed controller is theoretically demonstrated, and simulations results show a suitable control system performance. Also, no coordinate transformation is necessary.