How Digitalization Is Affecting Urban Transformation

The chapter aims to analyze the role that digital innovation has whenever it is connected in shaping urban spatial and functional transformations. It is capable of governing any kind of urban project that must find a new platform to engage in diverse modernity. The smart city implementation is one of the results of the new relationship between technology and physical settlement, but it still does not find methodological completeness as it is still linked to connected sensors and numerical flows of data. The chapter explores the critical issues and opens up new research paths following the study of some ongoing urban experimentations as have been amplified in the ongoing new phases in this post-pandemic 2021. The digital network can be a newly established matrix for both the territory and cities, just as roads and railways networks have been in the past – if it becomes a work of public interest on par with conventional urbanization infrastructure ones.

Transmission of Q-signaling by the tunneling procedure in the automatic telephone network of integrated services of the Serbian Armed Forces

Introduction/purpose: To specify the practical application of ECMA355 and ECMA-336 Standards for Q-SIG tunneling and the implementation of mapping functions via the existing IP (Internet Protocol) network of the Serbian Armed Forces (Intranet SAF), in the Private Automatic Telephone Network SAF (PATN SAF), as the main part of the Private telecommunication-information networks of integrated services SAF (PISN SAF). Methods: Description of the implemented solution and analysis of the software parameters of the established transmission SIP route, with the display of the results obtained in the fight with jitter and echo in the network. Results: With such a solution, it was achieved that participants from the peripheral parts of the PISN SAF, which operate on the principle of transmission and circuit switching by TDM (Time Division Multiplexing), can connect with each other via the newly established central IP network SAF (Core network) which operates on the principle of transmission and switching packets with the SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), without losing the functionality of QSIG from the framework of the digital telecommunication network of integrated services ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). Conclusion: The article deals with the modern IP PINX (Private Integrated Services Network Exchange) manufactured by Mitel, type MX-ONE Service Node 6.0, which is implemented at the transit level PATN SAF and which successfully implements the process of tunneling Q-SIG through the IP network and the necessary functions for mapping the transmission of tunneled QSIG messages and mapping voice (and other audio) information to VoIP (Voice over IP) communication media streams through that network. Also, the basic elements for its software preparation during the introduction of a new SIP route, with a capacity of 30 IP trunks in a transmission beam realized with 100 Mb/s-T Ethernet, are given, and the fight with the present jitter and echo in the network is described. Finally, the paper presents the experience-based values of the parameters for reducing the influence of jitter and suppressing echo.

Educational Challenges of Higher Education: Validation of the Information Competence Scale for Future Teachers (ICS-FT)

The irruption of information and communication technologies has brought about an abrupt change in the demands placed on future professionals. In this sense, in recent years, information competencies have gained importance in university education from a cross-cutting perspective, which advocates as its main purpose the training of young people in information search, evaluation, processing and communication skills, especially through a digital network. Based on this idea, the present work aims to develop the Information Competence Scale for Future Teachers (ICS-FT), in order to measure the level of self-perceived skills in this area. For this purpose, a work design is presented below concerning an empirical validation, divided into different phases: the validation of content, construct and reliability, which has taken as a pilot sample a total of 259 university students studying the degree of Primary Education. The results of the validation determined the optimal conditions of content, construct and reliability that allowed the application of this scale as a generic approach to determine the level of competence in the information skills of future teachers.

Wpływ sztucznej inteligencji na pracę biur rachunkowych

The article is theoretical and methodological. It describes the concept of artificial intelligence. It has been outlined how over the years AI is slowly replacing human work. Artificial intelligence is new technologies that appear in every area of human life. You don’t have to look far for examples, digital network operator, smart air conditioning, online shopping, connected vacuum cleaners, robots used in factories. The aim of the work is to show how dangerous artificial intelligence can be for humans. It may lead to the fact that in a few or a dozen years or so some professions will disappear. Where human work is a repetitive activity, it will be replaced by a machine. Technological development has transformed the typewriter into a computer, we already have ma- chines that can learn. It would be necessary to ask what will happen in a dozen or so years, how far will this avalanche of technological progress go. New technologies require careful management. The paper describes how new technologies affect the work of accounting offices. It has been indicated which accounting activities can be completely taken over by the machines. Several hypotheses are presented in the paper. The first is the recognition that data entry into accounting systems will be automated and taken over by new technologies. The second thesis assumes that the profession of accountant will change, it will change but will not disappear. Another one assumes that new technologies in the public law circulation will create the basis for calculating taxes by the tax administration.

PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA IN SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE SETTINGS OF DIGITALIZATION

Digitization increases the potential of social security for greater efficiency in the provision of new services and the deployment of large-scale social programs. However, there is a possibility that these technologies will become a prerequisite for unregulated access to information and personal data stored in the digital network. Therefore, the purpose of the report is to identify some challenges in this direction and to seek possible solutions.

Nick – tożsamość w Internecie

Nicknames, also treated as usernames, pseudonyms or as a subclass of pseudonyms, denote non-official personal names in German. They are names given by people themselves and therefore mostly self-chosen and not adopted by others in digital network communication, be it in chats, on forums, when gaming on the Internet, on social media, etc. This article deals with a contrastive examination of the German and Polish nicknames in selected digital network communications. After a semantic, morphological, syntactic, graphostilistic and lexical classification, the nicknames of both languages are compared. This article is intended to signal certain tendencies in the choice of the appropriate nicknames in both languages.

Digitalization of Institutions of Corporate Law: Current Trends and Future Prospects

Digital technologies have been integrated into all aspects of public life, including politics, law, finance, business, education, science, and society. As a result of the use of digital technologies by various subjects, a transformation has occurred of the economic relations existing in society, including corporate relations. This study analyzes the impact of digitalization on individual institutions of corporate law. The authors investigate the following aspects of the digitalization of corporate law: (1) digital legal personality of the corporation (online registration (e-residency) of corporations and the digital footprint that companies leave in public registers); (2) digital corporate governance; and (3) digital (network or decentralized) autonomous organizations. The purpose of this research is to identify trends and directions of transformation of individual institutions of corporate law in a digital society. The authors conclude that the digitalization of institutions of corporate law will result in: (1) the reinterpretation of certain concepts of corporate law, such as corporation and corporate governance; (2) the improvement of the legal mechanisms of corporate governance following the introduction of AI into the collegial executive bodies of corporations; (3) the digitalization of corporate assets; and (4) the emergence of new subjects of corporate and other relevant relations.

A feature of organization the regional digital network of agrometeorological observations in the Tomsk region

The article describes the organization of a digital network for collection and analysis of agrometeorological data. This digital network is based on the concept of an integrated approach to the collection, systematization and analysis of agrometeorological data for forecasting and developing recommendations for agricultural producers. The digital network is three-tiered and consists of meteorological stations, agrometeorological posts and agrometeorological probes installed directly on the fields. The presented modern network for monitoring meteorological parameters is an important tool of modern agricultural production, which is especially relevant in a dynamically changing climate. It is reasonable to build such systems in the ideology of the Internet of Things (IoT).

Joined Cases C-682/18 and C-683/18 Peterson v. Google & Youtube And Elsevier v. Cyando (C.J.E.U.)

Since its inception, the internet has challenged many basic principles of international copyright law. While some key “digital copyright” issues have been addressed in multilateral treaties, one of the most vexing issues with the global digital network remains—the question of the responsibility of third-party intermediaries for copyright infringements by internet users.

WhatsApp Grandpa? Determinants of grandparents-grandchildren digital contacts in Italy

Intergenerational contacts have been broadly defined to include not only face-to-face relations as an important element of associational solidarity but also contacts at a distance, e.g., via telephone. With the spread of the Internet and of digital devices, digital contacts become another increasingly important option. We examined digital contacts between grandparents and grandchildren in comparison with traditional forms of contacts (i.e., by face-to-face and telephone) using Italian data from the 2016 Families, Social Subjects and life cycle (FSS) survey. We found that about 10% of grandparents use digital tools to contact their grandchildren. As the determinants of frequent digital contacts, we found that grandparents belonging to younger cohorts, those better educated, those who lived in more urbanised areas and those in better health were more likely to entertain digital contacts with their grandchildren. Results also show that digital contacts tend to substitute face-to-face contacts, and to cumulate with telephone contacts. Our results have important implications for the current and future development of intergenerational relationships suggesting an increasing role in situation of geographic distance. Against the background of persisting inequalities in the access and the use of the Internet, our findings emphasise the need to improve digital network connectivity and skills especially among specific sub-groups of the population.