INITIAL EXPERIENCE 13N-AMMONIA APPLICATION AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ITS CLINICAL USE IN NEUROONCOLOGY

Materials and methods. A group of 19 patients with suspected of recurrent growth malignant and benign tumors and postoperative cysts on PET-CT with 13N-ammonium were examined in the postoperative period. The RPH 13N-ammoniа was injected intravenously at the dose of 350-370MBq/m2 of body surface. It is shown, that PET with 13N-ammonia allows to clearly visualize benign and malignant hypervascular tumors, as well as to assess the efficiency of their treatment. The tendency was detected for prevalence of the increased accumulation of 13N-ammonia in benign hypervascular neoplasms of a vascular line as compared to malignant tumors. That is explained by the dependence of the uptake of the drug both upon the degree of tumor vascularization and upon the presence and concentration of glutamine in tumor cells. It is stated in the paper that the level of the uptake of 13N-ammonium in the tumor is in direct ratio to its perfusion and inversely to the degree of its malignancy. In case of effective treatment the level of accumulation of 13N-ammonia in malignant tumors is nonlinearly increased since the rate of metabolic processes is decreased that leads to accumulation of glutamine, however perfusion in the tumor is also nonlinearly decreased. Conclusion. Ultrashort half-life of the radionuclide [13N] (of 9.96 min) and the low radiation exposure that occurs with intravenous introduction of 13N-ammonium create a unique opportunity for diagnosis and assessment of the efficiency of treatment of brain tumors by the method of positron emission tomography.

An investigation of the introduction of water-soluble polysaccharides calamus root (Acorus calamus L.) effect on the experimental animals functions

An investigation has been performed as to the effect of a long-term parenteral introduction of the sum of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPS) calamus root (Acorus calamus L.) extracted by means of the in-house technology on the functions of experimental animals. As it follows from the results of the experiments, the intragastric introduction of the WSPS to rats in the doses of 20, 100, and 200 mg/kg during a three-month term and the intravenous introduction to rabbits in the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg during a one-month term do not lead to the death of the animals or to any pathological changes in their general condition, the dynamics of the general weight, or the functional activity of the investigated internal organs and systems.

The investigation of acute toxicity of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from calamus root (Acorus calamus L.)

An investigation for a possible acute toxicity of the complex of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPS) extracted from calamus root (Acorus calamus L.) has been performed. No toxic effect has been observed on the organisms of experimental animals after a twofold intragastric, subcutaneous, and intravenous introduction of the highest maximum dose of the WSPS being investigated. The results of the experiments did not allow detecting the average fatal dose (LD50) of the WSPS being investigated as no deaths among the experimental animals had been observed. The obtained data lead to the conclusion that the WSPS of calamus root are to be added to Substance Hazard Class IV (low hazard substances) in compliance with State Standard GOST 12.1.007-76.

Stochastic modeling of human RBC alloimmunization: evidence for a distinct population of immunologic responders

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is unique as a common large-scale intravenous introduction of foreign tissue and provides a valuable opportunity to study human immunologic response to intravenous foreign antigen. Patients receiving RBC transfusions are at risk of forming alloantibodies against donor RBC antigens, and valid estimates of alloimmunization risk are clinically important, but little is known about the factors governing this risk or, more generally, about determinants of human response to intravenous antigen. Here, we mine large electronic patient databases enabling us to model RBC alloimmunization as a stochastic process. We identify a subgroup of transfusion recipients that has a dramatically increased risk of alloimmunization that appears to be genetically determined because it is independent of common disease states, patient age, or the number of alloantibodies already formed, and only weakly dependent on transfusion count.

Influence nanoparticles on morphology of internal organsof the mouse at intravenous introduction of a solution nanopowder Fe3O4

The influence nanoparticles Fe3O4 on morphology of the vital organs of the mouse after unitary intravenous introduction of a solution nanopowder Fe3O4 has been investigated. Change of morphology of the studied organs has been established, it testifies about adaptive reactions of an organism of mice to intravenous introduction nanopowder which outcome at the given stage is difficult for predicting.