Expert Analysis of Visibility from the Drivers Seat of М1 Vehicles

The total number of automobiles in Russia currently equals 55 mln., 45 mln. of which are passenger cars. Although the number of traffic accident is going down year by year, the problem remains very urgent, the number of people killed in such accidents is over 16 th., and the number of injured — 190 th. One of the most common types of traffic accidents is accidents with pedestrians, which happen through the fault of drivers or the pedestrians themselves. The conducted analysis made it possible to establish the influence of visibility from the driver’s seat in modern vehicles of М1 category on this type of traffic accidents. The analysis of visibility from the driver’s seat, specifically determining the angles of blind spots formed by the pillars of front windows, was done for one of the flagship Japanese models Toyota Land Cruiser 200. Research showed that the angle of blind spots formed by the front pillars of the bodies of a number of modern cars can exceed the value set by the Russian state standard (GOST) by 30 %. It is recommended to conduct an investigative experiment to assess the visibility from the driver’s seat when examining the circumstances of road accidents with pedestrians.

ABOUT THE USE OF FIRE TANKS MADE OF FIBERGLASS

Рассмотрены требования пожарной безопасности при устройстве пожарных резервуаров. В Российской Федерации производят емкости из реактопластов, которые строительными организациями применяются в качестве пожарных резервуаров. Отмечено, что препятствием для применения стеклопластиковых пожарных резервуаров является отсутствие соответствующих нормативных требований ГОСТ и сводов правил. Сделан вывод о необходимости разработки требований к конструктивному исполнению пожарных резервуаров из стеклопластика. The fire safety requirements for construction of fire tanks are considered. Reservoirs made of thermoset plastics are produced in the Russian Federation and used by construction organizations as fire tanks. It is noted that the lack of relevant regulatory requirements of State Standard GOST and set of rules is an obstacle to application of fiberglass fire tanks. There is concluded the necessity of elaboration of requirements for the design of fire tanks made of fiberglass.

Advanced liquid epoxy and polyurethane materials: internal and external coatings for pipeline and tubing protection

The paper discusses anticorrosive materials developed by JSC “СRONOS SPb” for different application for oil/gas industry. A series of coatings were tested for compliance with industrial Russian and international standards. Epoxy KronEpur 80 and KronEpur NKT coatings for the internal surfaces of pipelines and tubing with high Tg comply with Russian state standard GOST 58346. KronTag developed for RFID tags protection meet the requirements for internal coatings according GOST 58346. Hybrid epoxy-urethane coating Eton-SAP has extremely low operational thickness. Repairing material Polykron-R tested by DIN EN 10290.

Thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of non-autoclave foam concrete based on silica fume

The article presents the results of investigating the thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of non-autoclaved foam concrete of grades D400, D600 and D800 obtained using silica fume. The thermal conductivity ratios of foam concrete samples were determined using an ITP-MG4 Zond following the state standard GOST 30256-94 "Construction materials and products. Method for de-termining thermal conductivity with a cylindrical probe" and an ITP-MG4 100 following the state stan-dard GOST 7076-99 "Construction materials and products. Method for determining thermal conduc-tivity and thermal resistance in a stationary thermal regime". The thermal resistance of samples was determined using an ITP-MG4 100 following the state standard GOST 7076-99 "Construction materi-als and products. Method for determining thermal conductivity and thermal resistance in a stationary thermal regime". It was found that the thermal conductivity of the foam concrete samples of natural humidity was about two times higher than that of dried samples. A reduction in the average density of non-autoclaved foam concrete from 765 kg/m3 to 375 kg/m3 leads to an increase in its thermal resis-tance by 2.5 times. The difference in the thermal conductivity coefficients obtained using the ITP-MG4 Zond and ITP-MG4 100 instruments comprised: D400 – 39.8%; D600 – 11%; D800 – 6.8%. The thermal conductivity ratios of non-autoclaved foam concrete based on silica fume calculated by Nek-rasov's formula and those established experimentally differ significantly. The discrepancy in the cal-culated and experimental values for the ITP-MG4 Zond instrument was 25%, 1.6% and 14.2% for D400, D600, and D800, respectively. This discrepancy for the ITP-MG4 100 instrument comprised 7.9%, 19.7% and 23% for D400, D600 and D800, respectively.

Assessment of influence of disperse filler polarity on structure and water absorption of epoxy compositions

Introduction. Composite materials on the basis of epoxy resin find wide application as adhesives, coatings and structural materials whose properties it is possible to regulate by introduction of various additives including disperse fillers in the epoxy binder. Positively influencing properties of epoxy materials, the disperse fillers can reduce water resistance of the materials. This work is aimed at studying of influence of polar and nonpolar disperse fillers on structure and water absorption of the epoxy materials. Materials and methods. When obtaining composite materials, the following components were used: ED-20 epoxy resin (state standard GOST 10587-84), dibutylphthalate (state standard GOST 8728-88) plasticizer, polyethylenepolyamine (specification TU 2413-357-00203447-99) hardener, marshallite (state standard GOST 9077-82) and graphite (state standard GOST 17022-81) disperse fillers. The structure of samples was investigated by means of IR-spectroscopy method. Water absorption was determined in boiling water using the standard gravimetric method (state standard GOST 4650-2014 (ISO 62:2008)) and evaluated by sample mass variation within 120 days. Results. As a result of the conducted researches, the optimum content of the marshallite and graphite fillers in epoxy materials is established. When mass filler-to-binder ratio is equal to 15/85, water absorption of the materials is minimum. The IR-spectroscopy method showed that introduction of the marshallite polar filler in the epoxy binder promotes ordering of material structure due to formation of hydrogen bond between reactive groups of the filler and resin. Localizing in amorphous areas, particles of the graphite nonpolar filler lead to weakening of the hydrogen-bond system. Interaction of marshallite-filled samples with water is accomplished at the swelling mode, with equilibrium degree of swelling about 1 %. The mechanism of interaction of graphite-filled samples with water includes the alternating stages of dissolution and swelling, which are more expressed as compared with check samples. Conclusions. Water resistance of epoxy materials filled with disperse fillers is defined by a microstructure of the cured resin. Introduction of the marshallite polar filler in the epoxy binder leads to ordering of material structure that results in increasing of water absorption. Introduction of the graphite nonpolar filler in the epoxy binder leads to disordering of material structure that results in reducing of water absorption. Lower value of water absorption of graphite-filled epoxy material is connected with partial dissolution of the sample. Using nonpolar fillers is inexpedient for epoxy materials contacting with water.

Development of a Method of Forging Long-Length Blanks with Intensification of Shear Deformation

Modern press forging manufacture of large steel forgings is moving along the way of increasing service properties and reducing energy-power parameters. This is evidenced by a significant number of works devoted to the study of forging technology with the use of special tools allowing to implement severe plastic deformation. As a result, it is possible to improve significantly the metal structure at the same values of the forge reduction. The paper presents the results of the development and investigation of a new method of forging large steel billets with the intensification of shear deformation and with the use of standard anvils. The analysis of the stress-strain state in comparison with traditional forging scheme on an example of forging billets made of high speed steel R6М5 (State Standard GOST 19265-73) is presented. It is shown that the accumulated degree of shear deformation, as well as the uniformity of its distribution, is higher for the new method with the same reduction values. Approbation of the new method of forging on a hydraulic press was carried out for the blanks made of aluminium alloy D16 (State Standard GOST 21488-97).

Factors influencing the fire-resistance of epoxy compositions modified with epoxy-containing phosphazenes

The fire-resistance (State Standard GOST 28157-89, analogue of UL-94 test) of epoxy compositions based on D.E.R.-330 resin, isomethyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride and new epoxy-containing aryloxycyclotriphosphazenes was studied. Thermogravimetric analysis and microstructural studies of the coke residue formed during combustion were carried out. It has been determined that resistance to combustion of the cured compositions increases significantly as grows phosphazenes content in them. This is due both to the increase in the amount of porous coke residue formed during combustion (which acts as a barrier to flame propagation and heat transfer from the flame to the sample), and to the increase in the size of the pores formed therein. The obtained data can be used to create tough and flame-resistant composites for microelectronics, aviation and other industries.

Rheological Properties and Substantiation of Hot Rolling Regimes of Low- and Medium Carbon Structural Steels

In this paper the authors present the results of a study of plasticity and deformation resistance of the number of structural steels at temperatures of hot rolling. The patterns of changes in the studied characteristics of steels in the range of rolling temperatures are determined. In order to improve the quality of rolled products, we developed and substantiated recommendations for optimizing temperature of rolling ingot of the studied steels. The proposed recommendations have been verified by computer simulation of rolling high billets in flat rolls after heating up to 1100 and 1200 °C. For example, we showed the distribution of strains and stresses throughout the volume of the rolled product from steel grade 38KhS (State Standard GOST 4543-71).

Features of Steel Tape Deformation-Strength Properties Formation by Plasma-Cavitating Treatment

The paper reveals the key features of metal products deformation-strength properties obtained by them as a result of plasma-cavitating treatment. A strengthened cold-rolled tape of steel grade 08ps (Russian State Standard (GOST) 1050-88) was chosen as a model object. Samples of the tape were treated by plasma-cavitating method at certain values ​​of technological parameters (power density and time of plasma action). Then they were tested in accordance with Russian State Standard (GOST) 11701-84. It is determined that the strength of the material remains at the level before processing. At the same time, the percent elongation at break increases essentially (up to 36.3% in relation to the initial indices). It is shown that the dependencies of change in plastic properties of the material on processing time at different values of power density are non-linear with critical points of relative change of percent elongation minimum, due to those physical processes that occur during the treatment period. The location of these critical points depends on both the power density and the time of plasma-cavitating treatment.