EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PICRIA FEL-TERRAE LOUR. LEAVES ON TRIGLYCERIDE AND CHOLESTEROL LEVELS OF WHITE RATS

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Picria fel-terrae on triglyceride and cholesterol levels in long-term duration.Methods: The effect of ethanol extract of P. fel-terrae leaves was performed using white rats divided into several groups, which include control group, extract at doses of 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight. The extract at different doses was orally administered to the test animal for 90 days. Then, the triglyceride and cholesterol levels were measured.Results: The ethanol extract of P. fel-terrae in long-term use did not affect the cholesterol level of male and female white rats. However, there was a significant increased in triglyceride level as compared to normal control (p<0.05).Conclusion: The ethanol extract of P. fel-terrae increased triglyceride level only without increasing the level of cholesterol.

ANTI-ASTHMA ACTIVITY OF TAMARIND PULP EXTRACT (TAMARINDUS INDICA L.)

Objective: Tamarind (Tamarindusindica L.) is one of the plants, which most of its parts are not only rich in nutrients, but also has been used widely in the community as a medicine, and one of them is believed to have effectiveness as anti-asthma.Methods: The study of that anti-asthma activity was conducted by using the test method of improvement breathing patterns in the male guinea pig and using anti-inflammatory testing in male Wistar rats.Results: The results of breathing patterns improvement test shows that there is no significant difference of breath intensity between observation groups (extract in doses of 25 mg/kg bw guinea pig, 75 mg/kg bw guinea pig, and 225 mg/kg bw guinea pig) and the control group. However, it has significant differences (p<0.05) in the decline of breath frequency, in line with the effect that given by methylprednisolone 4.5 mg/kg bw guinea pig and salbutamol 4 mg/kg bw guinea pig. While the result of anti-inflammatory test shows the significant decrease in inflammation percentage in each of observation group (extract in doses of 25 mg/kg bw rat, 75 mg/kg bw rat, and 225 mg/kg bw rat) than the control group at minute 30 up to 360, it is in line with the reduction effect given by methylprednisolone 4.5 mg/kg bw rat.Conclusion: The best effect in breathing patterns improvements and anti-inflammatory are demonstrated by extract in a dose of 75 mg/kg bw. One of the anti-asthma mechanisms is an anti-inflammatory effect.

EFFECT OF CANNA INDICA L. EXTRACT AGAINST CAFFEINE-NICOTINE CO-ADMINISTRATION-INDUCED EXAGGERATION IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Canna indica L. extract against caffeine-nicotine administration-induced type 2 diabetes exaggeration in rats.Methods: A study was conducted for three weeks in four rat groups (n=6); viz. type 2 diabetic control group, a caffeine-nicotine diabetic control group (20mg/kg, 0.4mg/kg, ip twice daily), and Canna indica L. extract and caffeine-nicotine treatment group and standard drug treated caffeine-nicotine diabetic group (Glibencamide, 5mg/kg, once daily). Type 2 diabetes was induced by two weeks high fatty diet and a single dose streptozotocin (50mg/kg, ip) on 1th day of the study in all groups. Blood and urine samples were collected every week for serum biochemical analysis.Results: Results of extract treatment and standard drug treatment were compared with untreated caffeine-nicotine co-administration group. Difference in each relevant serum parameter was analyzed through ANOVA and Dunett’s t test. Extract treated caffeine-nicotine-diabetic group showed about 150-200mg/dL (p<0.001) reduction in the serum glucose than untreated caffeine-nicotine-diabetic control group. Extract treatment reduces serum glucose by 10-15 mg/dL than glibenclamide treatment with higher significance (p<0.001). Extract treatment showed better results than standard drug in liver and kidney function test and exhibited its better potential in controlling diabetic complications. Extract treatment increased HDL-C and reduced triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TC much better and with higher significance than standard drug. Extract treatment reduced TC by at least 60-80mg/dL (p<0.01) in comparison to caffeine-nicotine-diabetic control group. Extract treatment reduced 10-15mg/dL of more total cholesterol than that of standard drug.Conclusion: Caffeine-nicotine co-administration-induced exaggeration of type 2 diabetes was better treated by CI extract than that of standard drug gibenclamide. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Streptozotocin, Caffeine, Nicotine, Diabetic complication, Rat

Peschiera australis (Muell. Arg.) Miers sobre o edema produzido por carragenina, na região plantar de ratos Wistar

The Peschiera australis (Muell. Arg.) Miers is a plant from Southern Brasil that in popular use acts against snake poison because of that, we wanted to absorve the influence of Pescheria australie in edema evolution, since it is a strong sign of intoxication. We used Wistar rats divided into four groups. Pentobarbital (40 mg/kg Bady weight) was used as anestesic. The control group received carragenina the bottom of their feet and in 15 minutes intervals for hours the edema evolution wasy observed in plestesmograph. The second group received the same treatment but the used substance was Peschiera australis extract by oral route. In a third group extract was given by intraperitoneal route and in a fourth, by endovenous route. The given extract endovenous route was the only one that showed results in edema, provoking its involution, but not total disappearance.