Проучване потребностите на студенти педагози от подготовка за реализиране на свързаността „формално – неформално образование“

The article presents a survey of pegagogy students’ training needs for realisation of the connectivity “formal – non-formal education”, in response to the current challenges to education in our country. It is accepted that education is a systemic object, functioning on the basis of the relationships between its constituent formal and non-formal subsystems. The connectivity of the subsystems through the applying of two key paradigms is presented argumentatively: (1) a connectivity as a whole and a continuum and (2) a connectivity such as sharing and interdependence. This connectivity is measurable in complementarity, compensatory support, mutual support and mutual corrective. To determine pegagogy students’ training needs for realisation of the connectivity “formal – non-formal education”, a survey was conducted in the period May – July of the academic year 2020/2021, with 96 respondents from the St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo – Vratsa Branch and Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, which constitute a general sample. The study focuses on the connectivity between formal and nonformal education at the following levels: normative level, content level, activity level and level “results of activity”. The data collection tool is a structured questionnaire with closed-ended items, developed by the author and provided to the respondents via an access link. Based on the survey data, it should be summarized that students have needs for realistion of the connectivity “formal – non-formal education” in each of the levels and to the connectivity as a whole. And just the connection “formal – non-formal education” is what will contribute to overcoming the deficits in modern education, as an essence and manifestation in the aspects of goals, content, activities, results.

On the Use of NB-IoT over GEO Satellite Systems with Time-Packed Optical Feeder Links for Over-the-Air Firmware/Software Updates of Machine-Type Terminals

The verticals of 5G, such as the automotive, smart grid, and smart cities sectors, will bring new sensors and IoT devices requiring Internet connectivity. Most of these machine-type terminals will be sparsely distributed, covering a very large geographical area and, from time to time, will have to update their software, firmware, and/or other relevant data. Given this situation, one viable solution to implement the “Over-the-Air” update of these IoT terminals can be done with the aid of GEO satellite systems. However, due to the ultra-dense radio frequency reuse factor that contemporary High-Throughput Satellite (HTS) systems implement in the access link to serve the IoT terminals, the use of a time-packed Free Space Optical (FSO) link represents a practical solution to avoid the bottleneck that the satellite gateway experiences in the feeder link. The performance of both Detect-and-Forward and Decode-and-Forward relaying strategies are studied, assuming that the single-carrier M-PAM symbols that are transmitted on the optical feeder link are mapped into M-QAM symbols that modulate the multiple sub-carriers of the OFDM-based radio access link. In addition, the benefits of encapsulating the NB-IoT frames into DVB-S2(X) satellite frames is also analyzed in detail. The effects of the impairments introduced in both the optical feeder and radio access links are characterized in detail, and the end-to-end error correction capabilities of the Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) defined in the contemporary releases of the NB-IoT and DVB-S2(X) standards are studied for different working regimes.

On the Use of NB-IoT over GEO Satellite Systems with Time-Packed Optical Feeder Links for Over-the-Air Firmware/Software Updates of Machine-Type Terminals

The verticals of 5G, such as the automotive, smart grid and smart cities sectors, will bring lots of new sensors and IoT devices requiring Internet connectivity. Most of these machine-type terminals will be sparsely distributed, covering a very large geographical area and, from time to time, will have to update their software, firmware and/or other relevant data. Given this situation, one viable solution to implement the “Over-the-Air” update of these IoT terminals can be with the aid of GEO satellite systems. However, due to the ultra-dense radio frequency reuse that contemporary High-Throughput Satellite (HTS) systems implement in the access link to serve the IoT terminals, the use of a time-packed Free Space Optical (FSO) link represents a practical solution to avoid the bottleneck that the satellite gateway experiences in the feeder link. The performance of both Detect-and-Forward and Decode-and-Forward relaying strategies are studied, assuming that the single-carrier M-PAM symbols that are transmitted on the optical feeder link are mapped into M-QAM symbols that modulate the multiple subcarriers of the OFDM-based radio access link. In addition, the benefits of encapsulating the NB-IoT frames into DVB-S2(X) satellite frames is also analyzed in detail. The effects of the impairments introduced in both optical feeder and radio access links are characterized in detail, and the end-to-end error correction capabilities of the Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) defined in the contemporary releases of the NB-IoT and DVB-S2(X) standards are studied for different working regimes.

Enabling Native Coexistence Between ICN and TCP/IP Architectures Over the Same Domain

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) has emerged as an alternative to overcome some issues imposed by TCP/IP architecture, such as the lackof mobility, security, and Quality-of-Service (QoS) native support. Seeing asTCP/IP will not disappear anytime soon, given the size of today’s Internet, mechanisms to coexist multiples ICN architectures along with TCP/IP are neces-sary. Through concepts like Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Data Plane Programmability (DPP), we propose in this paper the FIACS, a system capable of allowing pairs of entitiesto communicate transparently with each other by using its L2 access link andnative protocols stacks over the same underline infrastructure.

Joint Optimization of User Association and Resource Allocation for Millimeter-Wave Integrated Backhaul and Access Network

Since the millimeter wave integrated backhaul and access network(mm-Wave IBAN) can divide the resource ratio between the access and the backhaul link as needed, there is a huge advantage in the improvement of the utilization rate for 5G communication network. A joint optimization method of user association and resource allocation is proposed and implemented for the mm-Wave IBAN from the perspective of the maximization of the transmission traffic in the whole network. The joint optimization problem of the user association and the resource allocation is formulated as a combined non-convex optimization problem, and then the problem is decomposed into two sub-problems. The first sub-problem, which is aimed at the maximization of the whole access rate, is the problem of the user association under the condition of the match between the access rate and backhaul rate. The second sub-problem, which is aimed at the maximization of the whole traffic of the network, is the problem of the resources allocation between the access link and backhaul link. The artificial immune optimization algorithm (IOA) is used to solve the first sub-problem. After that, the optimal transmission resource ratio between the access link and backhaul link is obtained according to the differentiating of the expression for the whole traffic. The simulation results show that the proposed method has more gains in the improvement of the whole network traffic when compared with the user association mechanism based on the nearest distance.