Research on Cutting Force and Surface Integrity of TC18 Titanium Alloy by Longitudinal Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Milling

In order to study the influence of rotational speed and amplitude on the surface integrity, TC18 titanium alloy samples were milled by the process of conventional milling and longitudinal ultrasonic vibration assisted milling. The experimental data were obtained by dynamometer, thermometer, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and three-dimensional surface topography instrument for observation and analysis. The results show that the rotational speed has a significant effect on the cutting force, cutting temperature, surface morphology and surface residual stress. Compared with ordinary milling, the surface micro-texture produced by ultrasonic vibration milling is more regular, , and with the increase of rotational speed, the influence of ultrasonic vibration on cutting force and cutting temperature decrease. There are adverse effects on surface roughness after ultrasonic vibration superposition. The influence of ultrasonic vibration on the surface residual compressive stress is also greatly reduced when the rotational speed is greater than 2400 rpm. In addition, a certain depth of plastic deformation layer can be formed under the surface of ultrasonic vibration machining, and the depth of deformation layer increases with the increase of vibration.

Amphiphilic γ-Cyclodextrin–Fullerene Complexes with Photodynamic Activity

Amphiphilic γ-cyclodextrin–fullerene 2:1 complexes (CLFCH complexes) were prepared by high-speed vibration milling of lipophilic tail-grafted γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), hydrophilic tail-grafted γ-CD and fullerene C60. The transamidation of γ-CD–fullerene complex having two...

Water solubilization of paclitaxel using polypeptides for cancer therapy

To address problems in drug discovery, we developed approaches to solubilize hydrophobic compounds using polypeptides including poly-L-lysine (PLL) via high-speed vibration milling. The current method can be used to prepare...

Mechanochemical Synthesis and reactivity of 1,2,3-Triazole Carbohydrate Derivatives as Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors

Aims: In this aim, we have developed this work to recommend an original route for the preparation of triazole derivatives. Background: Carbohydrates containing 1,2,3-triazole derivatives have various biological activities. Due to their advantageous and biological property, they are eye-catching synthetic targets in the arsenal of organic chemistry. Thus, finding green and efficient methods, as well as using ball millig procedure for the synthesis of these heterocycles is of interest to organic chemistry researchers. Objective: The objective of this study was to synthesize carbohydrate-derived triazoles under high-speed vibration milling conditions and investigate their properties. Materials and Method: A mixture of glycoside azide derivatives (1 mmol) and prop-2-yn-1-ol (1.5 mmol) in the presence of copper (I) was vigorously shaken under vibration milling conditions at 650 rpm with three balls for 15 min. The deprotection of the resulting triazole derivatives was effected by treatment with 4M hydrochloric acid in methanol under reflux. Results and Discussion: A short and convenient route to synthesize carbohydrate-derived triazoles, based in a ball-mill via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions to prop-2-yn-1-ol was developed. Cleavage of the isopropylidene protecting group provided water-soluble triazoles, evaluated as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. 1-[6-(4-Hydroxymethyl-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)- 2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl]-ethane-1,2-diol was the best inhibitor of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b (IC50 = 60 μM). Conclusion: In summary, we developed new, short and convenient routes to glucose-derived 1,2,3-triazole based on 1,3- dipolar cycloaddition reactions flowed by ball milling. Use of isopropylidene protective groups gave access to the analogous deprotected water-soluble motifs, analogous to known inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase.

Study on Surface Quality of BK7 Optical Glass by Longitudinal Torsional Composite Ultrasonic Vibration Milling

BK7 optical glass has been widely used in modern high-tech fields such as aerospace, automotive, optical precision instruments, electronic information, etc. due to its excellent performance, but its gap between plasticity and hardness is huge, making traditional machining easy to appear sub-surface. Damage and other phenomena, surface quality is difficult to meet the requirements. In this paper, the ultrasonic milling dynamics model was firstly established, and then the multi-factor method was used to detect the longitudinal torsional composite ultrasonic milling and ordinary milling of BK7 optical glass, and the surface roughness and surface topography of different spindle speed, milling speed and milling depth were analyzed. Finally, the laws and mechanisms affecting the quality of the machined surface were obtained. It is found that the surface quality is best when the spindle speed is 3000r/min and the milling depth is 0.2mm; the surface quality of BK7 optical glass decreases with the increase of milling speed. The surface quality and processing efficiency of BK7 optical glass are improved by longitudinal torsional composite ultrasonic vibration milling, and the optimal process parameters for BK7 optical glass longitudinal torsional ultrasonic milling are provided.

Longitudinal–torsional ultrasonic vibration-assisted side milling process

In this paper, a longitudinal–torsional ultrasonic vibration-assisted side milling is investigated. Different from the continuous cutting process in conventional side milling, the longitudinal–torsional ultrasonic vibration milling process is high-frequency intermittent. The intermittent cutting process is caused by the helical trajectory of the cutting edge. A mathematical model is established to simulate the trajectory and then the high-frequency intermittent cutting process is analyzed based on the model. Spindle speed, helix angle of milling tool, and ultrasonic vibration amplitudes are found to be the factors that are responsible for the ultrasonic cutting effect. When the spindle speed is 1500 r/min and the helical angle of milling tool is 30°, ultrasonic vibration milling experiments have shown that the cutting force can be reduced by 45.8% in the x direction at the most, 27.6% in the y direction, and 48% in the z direction compared to conventional milling. The experimental results also show that the decrement of the cutting force decreases along with the increasing of the cutting speed and helical angle of milling tool due to the decrease of the uncutting time. However, the increasing of the vibration amplitude can increase the decrement.