Alterations of Genetic Variants and Transcriptomic Features of Response to Tamoxifen in the Breast Cancer Cell Line

Background Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of mortality in the world, and Tamoxifen therapy is known as a medication strategy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. In current study, two hypotheses of Tamoxifen consumption in breast cancer cell line (MCF7) were investigated. First, the effect of Tamoxifen on genes expression profile at transcriptome level was evaluated between the control and treated samples. Second, due to the fact that Tamoxifen is known as a mutagenic factor, there may be an association between the alterations of genetic variants and Tamoxifen treatment, which can impact on the drug response. Methods In current study, the whole-transcriptome (RNA-seq) dataset of four investigations (19 samples) were derived from European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI). At transcriptome level, the effect of Tamoxifen was investigated on gene expression profile between control and treatment samples. Moreover, Tamoxifen is known as a mutagenic factor, therefore, its contribution to alterations of genetic variants and drug response were examined. Results Results achieved from RNA-seq analysis indicated the contribution of several candidate genes to tumor suppression process and consequently, the achievement of an effective treatment. For instance, XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) was reported as an up-regulated gene under Tamoxifen therapy. XAF1 is a tumor suppressor that contributes to the apoptosis induction and tumor growth inhibition along with TP53. Results of gene ontology enrichment analysis of differential gene expressions indicated that most of them could considerably lead to the cell death, apoptosis, and negative regulation of proteolysis process. Findings achieved from evaluating Tamoxifen mutagenicity effect on drug response was not confirmed perfectly. The most reported candidate genes, which were related to differential genetic variants between control and treated samples, played the oncogene and tumor suppressor dual roles and also their exact roles in breast cancer were not investigated precisely. Conclusion At transcriptome level, Tamoxifen consumption in MCF7 cell line could be associated with candidate genes and biological pathways that contribute to the apoptosis, proteolysis, and tumor suppression. The mutagenicity effect of Tamoxifen and its contribution to drug response was not confirmed perfectly.

Hybrid Differential Evolution Harmony Search Algorithm for Power Economic Dispatch Problems

In this paper, a hybrid differential evolution harmony search (HDEHS) algorithm was presented for solving power economic dispatch problems. In this algorithm, mutation and crossover operation instead of harmony memory consideration and pitch adjustment operation, this improved the algorithm convergence rate. Moreover, dynamically adjust the key parameter (e.g. mutagenic factor F, crossover rate CR) to balance the local and global search. Based on a 13 units power system experiment simulations, the HDEHS has demonstrated stronger convergence and stability than original harmony search (HS) algorithm and its three improved algorithms (IHS, GHS and NGHS) that reported in recent literature.

Action of Triethanomelamine (TEM) on Early and Later Stages of Mouse Embryos

Several years ago triethanomelamine (2, 4, 6-tri(ethyleneimino)-l, 3, 5-triazine, or TEM) was introduced into clinical chemotherapy for its tumour-inhibiting property. It was found, in addition, that TEM is a strong mutagenic factor. In a previous paper (Jurand, 1958) it was shown that TEM severely retards the development of the chick in the early embryonic stages. This effect is directly proportional to the dose of TEM used. It was suggested that the sensitivity of individual embryonic tissues varies in the early stages of development, somites being the most sensitive embryonic organs. There was observed also, especially with larger doses of TEM, a considerable widening of the embryonic coelom and decomposition of the mid-trunk somites into mesenchyme-like loose tissue. There was, moreover, a considerable increase in cell size, and both the nuclei and the nucleoli in the nervous tissue were enlarged.