Estratégias Utilizadas Durante a Adaptação da Criança ao Tratamento de Hemodiálise / Strategies used during Child Adaptation in Hemodialysis Treatment

Resumo: A insuficiência renal, é um tema relevante para a reflexão dessa situação. Conceitua-se condição crónica na infância como aquela que interfere no funcionamento do corpo da criança em longo prazo, requer assistência e seguimento por profissionais de saúde, limita as atividades diárias, causa repercussões no seu processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento afetando o cotidiano de todos os membros da família. Objetivou-se neste estudo, discutir com base na literatura brasileira as formas de abordagem da criança durante o tratamento dialítico ou, outras medidas para melhor adaptação das crianças portadoras de insuficiência renal crônica à nova situação em que se encontram, bem como a vivência da criança com a doença e o tratamento. Concluiu-se que há poucos estudos sobre nefrologia pediátrica, em especial, que abordem sobre a adaptação da criança e estratégias para que isso se torne possível.

Problemy adaptacji dziecka w okresie międzywojennym

The study revolves around issues of child adaptation in the pedagogics of Janusz Korczak. The consecutive parts of the article focus on the problems of child adaptation to institutions i.e. orphaned children to educational centres as well as school conditions in general. The authors of the study pay close attention to the issue of child adaptation in his/her family and the local, urban and rural environments.

Mothers' Trait Anxiety and Adaptation to an Infant Born Subsequent to the Loss of a Late Pregnancy

21 women with one infant each born subsequent to the loss of a late pregnancy were invited to complete the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and two Dutch mother-child adaptation scales one month after delivery. Scores on trait anxiety appeared to be significantly related to maladaptive behavior of the mother to her child in the first four weeks following the birth, suggesting that women with high anxiety and a past of lost pregnancy are at risk for the development of an unfavorable mother-child relation.

Mental Health of Preschool Children and their Mothers in a Mixed Urban/Rural Population

BackgroundThere is a lack of clear and explicit models of the way various family and social influences on children's behaviour interact with factors such as temperament to produce behaviour disturbance in young children.MethodThe following measures had been obtained on a total population sample of 1047 families with a 3-year-old child: the child's perceived cuddliness, difficult temperament, mother's unhappy childhood, maternal disturbance, social class, behaviour problems and overactivity. A latent variable analysis using the LISREL 7 program was applied to the data.ResultsA model that allowed the latent variables child ‘temperament’ and ‘mother's mental state’ to have separate additive effects on ‘child adaptation’ proved an excellent fit (goodness of fit index = 0.956). This model suggests that there is a common factor (‘child adaptation’) underlying behaviour problems and overactivity. Using this model 72% of child adaptation in boys could be explained. For girls however temperament and mother's mental state accounted for only 30% of the variance in child adaptation.ConclusionThere is a need to investigate different mechanisms for the origins of behaviour problems in preschool boys and girls.

Pediatric Examination of Educational Readiness

For many years pediatricians have carried out both informal and systematic assessments of behavior in children, with the early motor assessments of Ilg and Ames perhaps being the most well-known. Levine et al (p 341) have responded to the need for a structured assessment of more complex behavioral functions of the school age child with the PEER (Pediatric Examination of Educational Readiness). This instrument will no doubt be welcomed for several reasons: it is brief, systematic, covers a wide range of functions, and fits readily into the pediatrician's repertoire. One can only applaud this effort to provide a systematic, quantitative framework for assessing functions of critical importance to child adaptation and development.

Effectiveness of Physician-Mother Interactions During Infancy

For the purpose of correlating elements of process in well-child care with outcomes, 479 normal infants from the practices of 42 physicians in a single community were evaluated. Data on maternal characteristics, physician awareness of maternal concerns, physician communication to the mother, and physician management were obtained from interview of mothers, questionnaires completed by physicians, and abstracting of medical records. Outcomes were evaluated prior to the child's 11th-month birthday by interviewing the mother. The outcomes selected were mother-child adaptation, bother experienced by the mother over common symptoms of infancy, and the mother's satisfaction with medical care. All three outcomes were found to be associated with the mother's attitudes and concerns about her infant. Physician awareness of maternal concerns correlated positively with mother-child adaptation; both physician communication to mother and physician management were associated with maternal satisfaction with medical care. When controlling for maternal attitudes, the process measures of physician awareness of maternal concerns and physician communication to the mother was still found to be associated with mother-child adaptation and maternal satisfaction with medical care, respectively.