Land Use Multi-Suitability, Land Resource Scarcity and Diversity of Human Needs: A New Framework for Land Use Conflict Identification

Land use conflicts are intensifying due to the rapid urbanization and accelerated transformation of social and economic development. Accurate identification of land use conflicts is an important prerequisite for resolving land use conflicts and optimizing the spatial pattern of land use. Previous studies on land use conflict using multi-objective evaluation methods mainly focused on the suitability or competitiveness of land use, ignoring land resource scarcity and the diversity of human needs, hence reducing the accuracy of land use conflict identification. This paper proposes a new framework for land use conflict identification. Considering land use multi-suitability, land resource scarcity and the diversity of human needs, the corresponding evaluation index system was constructed, respectively, and the linear weighted sum model was used to calculate the land use conflict index. Taking Jinan as the study area, the spatial distribution characteristics of land use conflicts are accurately identified and analyzed. The results show that: (1) Land use multi-suitability in Shanghe county and Jiyang district is high, but the intensity of land use conflict is not. This indicates that land use multi-suitability is the premise and basis of land use conflict, but it is not the only determinant, which is consistent with our hypothesis. (2) Land use conflicts in Jinan were dominant by medium conflict, accounting for 43.89% of the conflicts, while strong and weak land use conflicts accounted for 25.21% and 30.90% of the conflicts, respectively. The spatial distribution of land use conflicts is obviously different, with high conflicts in the north and low conflicts in the south. Strong land use conflicts are concentrated in the urban and rural transition zones of Tianqiao, Huaiyin and Shizhong districts and in the northern parts of Licheng and Zhangqiu districts. (3) Inefficient land use and land resource waste aggravated regional land use conflicts in Licheng and Zhangqiu districts. (4) The new framework for land use conflict identification proposed in this study can accurately identify land use conflicts, providing a scientific reference and new ideas for accurate identification of land use conflicts.

Land-Use Conflict Identification from the Perspective of Construction Space Expansion: An Evaluation Method Based on ‘Likelihood-Exposure-Consequence’

Land-use conflict (LUC) is a major problem of land management in the context of rapid urbanization. Conflict identification plays an important role in the development and protection of land space. Considering the possibility of, exposure to, and negative impacts of LUC, we explore the probability of land-use cover change (LUCC), policy constraints, and ecosystem service value (ESV) and build a conflict identification model based on the LEC concept of risk assessment. Taking Daye City as an example, we classify the conflict intensity and delimit the key conflict areas. At the same time, a composite classification system is constructed to analyze the spatial characteristics and internal mechanism of conflict. We find that the conflict between construction and ecological space is the main conflict in Daye City (P.R. China), which is widely distributed. However, the conflict between construction and agricultural space, which is mainly distributed near the center of Daye City, cannot be ignored.

Interference Identification for Time-Varying Polyhedra

Identification of when and where moving areas intersect is an important problem in maritime operations and air traffic control. This problem can become particularly complicated when considering large numbers of objects, and when taking into account the curvature of the earth. In this paper, we present an approach to conflict identification as a series of stages where the earlier stages are fast, but may result in a false detection of a conflict. These early stages are used to reduce the number of potential conflict pairs for the later stages, which are slower, but more precise. The stages use R-trees, polygon intersection, linear projection and nonlinear programming. Our approach is generally applicable to objects moving in piece-wise straight lines on a 2D plane, and we present a specific case where the Mercator Projection is used to transform objects moving along rhumb lines on the earth into straight lines to fit in our approach. We present several examples to demonstrate our methods, as well as to quantify the empirical time complexity by using randomly generated areas.

Interference Identification for Time-Varying Polyhedra

Identification of when and where moving areas intersect is an important problem in maritime operations and air traffic control. This problem can become particularly complicated when considering large numbers of objects, and when taking into account the curvature of the earth. In this paper, we present an approach to conflict identification as a series of stages where the earlier stages are fast, but may result in a false detection of a conflict. These early stages are used to reduce the number of potential conflict pairs for the later stages, which are slower, but more precise. The stages use R-trees, polygon intersection, linear projection and nonlinear programming. Our approach is generally applicable to objects moving in piece-wise straight lines on a 2D plane, and we present a specific case where the Mercator Projection is used to transform objects moving along rhumb lines on the earth into straight lines to fit in our approach. We present several examples to demonstrate our methods, as well as to quantify the empirical time complexity by using randomly generated areas.

TRAFFIC CONFLICT IDENTIFICATION OF E-BIKES AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS

The increase of e-bikes has raised traffic conflict concerns over past decade. Numerous conflict indicators are applied to measure traffic conflicts by detecting differences in temporal or spatial proximity between users. However, for traffic environment with plenty of e-bikes, these separate space-time approaching indicators may not be applicable. Thus, this study aims to propose a multi-variable conflict indicator and build a conflict identification method for e-bikes moving in the same direction. In particular, by analysing the conflict characteristics from e-bikes trajectories, a multi-variable conflict indicator utilizing change of forecast post encroachment time, change of relative speed and change of distance is derived. Mathematical statistics and cluster discriminant analyses are applied to identify types of conflict, including conflict existence identification and conflict severity identification. The experimental results show: in mixed traffic environments with many e-bikes, compared with time-to-collision and deceleration, accuracy of identifying e-bike conflict types based on proposed method is the highest and can reach more than 90%; that is, multi-variable indicator based on time and space are more suitable for identifying e-bike conflicts than separate space-time approaching indicators. Furthermore, setting of dividing strip between motor vehicle and non-motorized vehicle has significant influence on number and change trend of conflict types. The proposed method can not only provide a theoretical basis and technical support for automated conflict detection in mixed transportation, but also give the safety optimization sequence of e-bikes at different types of intersections.

Sustainable Development Management of Local Territories in the Eastern Ukraine in Conditions of Military Conflict: Identification Criteria

Decentralization, which has begun and continues in Ukraine, has raised the living standards of local people to a new level by updating tools and methods of managing the sustainable development of such territories, updating a particularly balanced approach to planning and finding reliable sources. In this context, it is advisable to identify qualitatively the local area, which is not only a guarantee of their subjectivity and sustainability, but also the basis for the strategies forming for their socio-economic development, the realism and effectiveness of which is based on sustainable development management as well as administrative and financial capacity of communities. However, as practice has shown, most local areas, although willing to identify their unique features, but do not know how to do it, because the current legal field in Ukraine does not regulate the procedure and criteria for such identification. This article was an attempt to research the managerial possibilities of creating a positive image of the territory through the sustainable development and choice of appropriate assessment parameters – the criteria for identifying the amalgamated territorial communities of Ukraine as local territories. As a result of the research, a model list of such criteria is proposed, which is sufficiently universal to determine the unique and typical characteristics of any territories, and also contains a specific subsystem that allows reflecting the individual features of territories close to the armed conflict zone in the Eastern Ukraine. Using this list will allow communities to form one or more images of the local area: from formal (real) to imaginary and special. It will help improve the results of communities and territories identification, the foundation for the sustainable development with marketing measures to promote communities as well as the formation of management decisions for their strategic and sustainable development, which will be best adapted to the realities of the current armed conflict. Keyword: sustainable development management, identification criteria, local territories, amalgamated territorial communities, military conflict