DECISION MAKING PRINCIPLES IN LAND DEVELOPMENT APPROVAL

The inconsistency of legal coordination is one of the contributing factors in land use conflict. This scenario implicates various objections to the court due to the dissatisfaction of the landowners and developers with the decision of land development approval. In Malaysia, studies about land use conflict in land development conducted by previous researchers only cater on conflict factors and not in the perspective of its operational approach by the stakeholder. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the decision-making principles for decision-makers in grant land development approval. This paper adopts qualitative methods that consist of two types of data collection. The first method used was desk study analysis of ten (10) file cases of development application and the second method involved is an in-depth interview with selected respondents. The result from the analysis of ten (10) file cases determined the decision-making trends that were then cross-tabulated with the five principles of decision-making by using an indepth interview with the selected respondents. The result from the analysis indicates five principles of decision-making which is intuition, rational, power, factual, and experience. The findings of this paper contribute towards the aspects of strategic decision-making, decision-maker practices, and further research. A comprehensive decision-making principle will then minimise the risk of fallacy in decision-making.

Land Use Conflict Mapping in Mount Rinjani National Park Pesangrahan Village East Lombok District

This study aims to map the conflict in the use of forest resources in the area of Mount Rinjani National Park as an implication of the management model implemented, then formulate several alternative solutions to reduce the negative impact of the conflict. This research used a case study approach. The data collected in this research was through several data collection methods such as field observations, interviews using questionnaires, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions, Participatory Rural Appraisal, and literature studies. Analysis of the data used in this study adopted the concept of dispute style analysis. Based on the results, using Analysis of Dispute Mode (AGATA), in the Pesangrahan village, the actors are divided into three categories, namely compromise, negotiation, and collaboration. The results also illustrate that there are still multiple interpretations related to the utilization of national park areas in the region, and thus, a definite collaboration mechanism is needed principle-based on principles of co-ownership, co-operation, and responsibility.

An Analysis of an Area’s Vulnerability to the Emergence of Land-Use Conflicts

The optimization of space is the priority goal of spatial planning. Spatial planning policies have numerous objectives, including the prevention of land-use conflicts. Conflicts arise whenever two entities have contradictory expectations regarding the surrounding space. In the process of spatial development, humans impart new characteristics to space, which, under specific circumstances, can give rise to land-use conflict. The elements of space that are particularly vulnerable to conflict include boundary points, property boundaries, density of development, or the shared use of infrastructure. The main aim of this study was to develop a procedure for evaluating the risk of land-use conflict based on the characteristic attributes of space. The proposed procedure for assessing the accumulation of conflict-generating traits in space was developed with the use of databases, GIS tools, and statistical data processing methods.

The Energy Landscape versus the Farming Landscape: The Immortal Era of Coal?

This article explores the land use conflict. Coal exploitation precludes agricultural production and, as a result, mining-energy projects come across NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) opposition from the farming community. An investigation was carried out in two rural communes: Krobia and Miejska Górka in the Wielkopolska Region in Poland. The aim was to obtain an answer to the following questions: (1) if acting in the name of energy security, should we accept the state government interest and start exploitation of the lignite resource? (2) If acting in the name of landowners’ rights, should we accept the local community interest and maintain the current farming production? and (3) is it possible to reconcile the interests of the conflict beneficiaries? The following qualitative methods were used: keyword and content analysis of word data, such as scientific papers, legal documents, and parliamentary questions (PQs), while the discourse analysis was focused on the policy and procedural conflicts. In the results section, possible solutions for heading off the conflict are presented. The results contribute to an integrated understanding of conflicts over mining and farming land use.

Mitigating Spatial Conflict of Land Use for Sustainable Wetlands Landscape in Li-Xia-River Region of Central Jiangsu, China

Li-Xia-river Wetlands make up the biggest freshwater marsh in East China. Over the last decades, social and economic developments have dramatically altered the natural wetlands landscape. Mitigating land use conflict is beneficial to protect wetlands, maintain ecosystem services, and coordinate local socioeconomic development. This study employed multi-source data and GIS-based approaches to construct a composite index model with the purpose of quantitatively evaluating the intensity of land use conflict in Li-Xia-river Wetlands from 1978 to 2018. The results showed that the percentage of the wetlands’ area declined from 20.3% to 15.6%, with an overall reduction rate of 23.2%. The mean index of land use conflict increased from 0.15 to 0.35, which suggests that the conflict intensity changed from “no conflict” to “mild conflict.” The number of severe conflict units increased by about 25 times. A conspicuous spatial variation of land use conflict was observed across different periods, although taking land for agricultural activities was the overriding reason for wetlands reduction. However, in recent years, urban sprawl has posed the greatest threat to Li-Xia-river Wetlands. Coordinating land use conflict and formulating a practical strategy are the initial imperative steps to mitigate the threat to wetlands.

Identification of Potential Land-Use Conflicts between Agricultural and Ecological Space in an Ecologically Fragile Area of Southeastern China

In the context of ensuring national food security, high-intensity agricultural production and construction activities have aggravated the conflicts between agricultural and ecological spaces in ecologically fragile areas, which have become one of the most important factors hindering regional sustainable development. This study took Lin’an District, a typical hilly region of southeastern China, as an example. By constructing a landscape ecological risk evaluation model, land-use conflicts between agricultural and ecological spaces were identified, spatial autocorrelation and topographic gradient characteristics were analyzed, and land-use conflict trade-off mechanisms were proposed. During 2008 and 2018, the degree of land-use conflict in Lin’an District displayed an increasing trend, and the proportion of severe conflicts increased obviously. Slope is the main factor affecting land-use conflicts in a hilly region and shows a negative correlation, mainly because areas with flat terrain are more conducive to human activities. Based on the characteristics of land-use conflicts in Lin’an District, conflict trade-off mechanisms were proposed to provide a theoretical basis and practical support for land-use conflict management. Our study provides scientific evidence for sustainable land-use planning and ecological management in ecologically fragile areas.

Land Use Multi-Suitability, Land Resource Scarcity and Diversity of Human Needs: A New Framework for Land Use Conflict Identification

Land use conflicts are intensifying due to the rapid urbanization and accelerated transformation of social and economic development. Accurate identification of land use conflicts is an important prerequisite for resolving land use conflicts and optimizing the spatial pattern of land use. Previous studies on land use conflict using multi-objective evaluation methods mainly focused on the suitability or competitiveness of land use, ignoring land resource scarcity and the diversity of human needs, hence reducing the accuracy of land use conflict identification. This paper proposes a new framework for land use conflict identification. Considering land use multi-suitability, land resource scarcity and the diversity of human needs, the corresponding evaluation index system was constructed, respectively, and the linear weighted sum model was used to calculate the land use conflict index. Taking Jinan as the study area, the spatial distribution characteristics of land use conflicts are accurately identified and analyzed. The results show that: (1) Land use multi-suitability in Shanghe county and Jiyang district is high, but the intensity of land use conflict is not. This indicates that land use multi-suitability is the premise and basis of land use conflict, but it is not the only determinant, which is consistent with our hypothesis. (2) Land use conflicts in Jinan were dominant by medium conflict, accounting for 43.89% of the conflicts, while strong and weak land use conflicts accounted for 25.21% and 30.90% of the conflicts, respectively. The spatial distribution of land use conflicts is obviously different, with high conflicts in the north and low conflicts in the south. Strong land use conflicts are concentrated in the urban and rural transition zones of Tianqiao, Huaiyin and Shizhong districts and in the northern parts of Licheng and Zhangqiu districts. (3) Inefficient land use and land resource waste aggravated regional land use conflicts in Licheng and Zhangqiu districts. (4) The new framework for land use conflict identification proposed in this study can accurately identify land use conflicts, providing a scientific reference and new ideas for accurate identification of land use conflicts.

PARTICIPATORY LAND USE CONFLICT RESOLUTION: EFFORTS TOWARDS COMMUNITY COLLABORATIVE MANAGEMENT

This research aims to determine the causes of land-use conflicts and formulate a participatory conflict resolution model of the Forest Management Unit (KPH) of Kulawi. Through interviews with respondents using the purposive sampling method. The study included the community around the forest area, local government, KPH, Department of Agriculture, BPDAS-HL, and local government. Data analysis was stakeholder's and land use conflict by using problem trees analysis. The study results show that the battle occurred not only because of the community's factor of accessing the area illegally but also because the KPH has not performed its function correctly. Some factors cause enforcement's failure, such as lack of understanding of the area and community empowerment. Some alternative solutions desired by the community: (1) The government through related agencies should supervise forest areas, (2) Clear boundaries between community-owned land, villages, and forest areas, (3) Community empowerment by utilizing potential forest product resources and (4) Granting management rights to community's forest claimed by the community. There are two models of conflict resolution to be offered. First, the KPH needs the collaboration of parties to resolve land-use conflicts. Second, community involvement as the main subject is significant in every stage of conflict resolution. The KPH supports improving community capacity related to competence in conflict resolution is indispensable.