THERMAL-DAYLIGHTING BALANCE THROUGH BUILDING SHADING DEVICES: A REVIEW ON FACTORS AND METHODS

Daylighting is interpreted as natural sunlight allowed into an indoor space. Passive lighting strategies are considered fundamental in achieving a high performing sustainable building, which affects the visual and thermal comfort, and energy performance of a building. Many strategies in controlling daylighting are known, however, the wrong implementation can lead to a negative effect. The results obtained need to reach a balance between daylighting and thermal performance. This review is conducted to analyse the concept and factors that affect the balance through different research parameters. The performance factors include energy, comfort and perception or view. The different methods of achieving the balance are categorized into three, which are parameter relation, combination, and multi-objective optimization. Building shading devices are considered as one of the major solutions to reach thermal-daylighting balance. Through a comprehensive review, adjustable shading control is recommended as a better option for building shading device for buildings to achieve the optimum balance.

MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) – II: metal-enriched halo gas around z ∼ 1 galaxies

ABSTRACT We present a study of the metal-enriched cool halo gas traced by Mg ii absorption around 228 galaxies at z ∼ 0.8–1.5 within 28 quasar fields from the MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies survey. We observe no significant evolution in the Mg ii equivalent width versus impact parameter relation and in the Mg ii covering fraction compared to surveys at z ≲ 0.5. The stellar mass, along with distance from galaxy centre, appears to be the dominant factor influencing the Mg ii absorption around galaxies. With a sample that is 90 per cent complete down to a star formation rate of ≈0.1 $\rm M_\odot yr^{-1}$ and up to impact parameters ≈250–350 kpc from quasars, we find that the majority ($67^{+12}_{-15}$ per cent or 14/21) of the Mg ii absorption systems are associated with more than one galaxy. The complex distribution of metals in these richer environments adds substantial scatter to previously reported correlations. Multiple galaxy associations show on average five times stronger absorption and three times higher covering fraction within twice the virial radius than isolated galaxies. The dependence of Mg ii absorption on galaxy properties disfavours the scenario in which a widespread intragroup medium dominates the observed absorption. This leaves instead gravitational interactions among group members or hydrodynamic interactions of the galaxy haloes with the intragroup medium as favoured mechanisms to explain the observed enhancement in the Mg ii absorption strength and cross-section in rich environments.

ON THE ESSENCE, THE PLACE, THE PART AND CHARACTER OF THE TASKS WITH PARAMETERS IN THE GEOMETRY COURSES OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION

The so-called tasks with parameters for a long time now have become an integral part as of the every to some extent profound course of algebra or of algebra and the beginnings of cultures at the institutions of general secondary education, as of the corresponding tasks of the State Final Attestation in Mathematics and the External independent assessment in mathematics. And it isn’t accidental because in the most often cases the solution of the task with a parameter turns for the student into a small investigation by his own. The realization of such investigation favors the formation of the creative practical-oriented personality. Simultaneously we must state that, despite of the existence of a lot of the high scientific and methodical level created corresponding training books, it is difficult just now to find in the methodical literature the clear answers to the natural questions of what is meant on the whole by the task with parameter (or with parameters) and its solution. At the same time, in the courses of geometry of the institutions of general secondary education to the tasks with parameters it is given next to nothing consideration. But in fact such tasks in the courses are present, their importance for the proper construction of the courses can be exaggerated. In the paper the problems of what must be understand by the task with the parameter or with the parameters and by its solution are analyzed. The essence, the part and the place of the tasks with parameters in the geometry courses of institutions of general secondary education are elucidated. Euclidean geometry as an axiomatic theory investigates the sets that in their overwhelming majority represent by themselves the mathematical abstructions of the spatial forms of the surrounding, some relations between such set and quantities that characterize such sets and relations. In the contrast to the courses of algebra, in the geometrical courses the part of parameters may be played by all of the three mentioned components. Geometrical figures can change by the size and by the form. Changing by the size bring us to the concept of the scalar quantity. Changing by the form are considered in the tasks of paving and, for example, in the tasks of finding the amount and the types of symmetries of geometrical figure in dependence of its form. The part of the parameter-relation can be played by different variants of mutual displacement of the given figures in Euclidean plane or in Euclidean space. According to their content, different geometrical tasks with parameters are considered in the work. The task of the existence of geometrical figures, the tasks, conserning the character of some geometrical places of points, the tasks of tracing with the help of a compass and a ruler are among them.

Variation of seismic scalar moment–corner frequency relationship during development of a hydraulic fracture system

We propose to utilize the corner frequency and seismic scalar moment relation as a new approach to monitor temporal changes of static stress drop as well as rupture velocity during development of a hydraulic fracture system. We introduce a single parameter M1 to describe a two-parameter relation (scalar moment and corner frequency relation) and analyze temporal variation of this two-parameter relation. Because M1 relates rupture velocity and static stress drop, we can infer temporal variation of rupture velocity and stress drop quantitatively. The parameter M1 is calculated in two case studies. We document that two types of fracturing processes exist: (1) stable rupture velocity and static stress drop during the development of rupture and (2) increase of rupture velocity and/or static stress drop while the fracture system develops. In the latter case, one possible scenario is increase of permeability at each fracture plane during development of the fracture system.

Properties of distance spaces with power triangle inequalities

Metric spaces provide a framework for analysis and have several very useful properties. Many of these properties follow in part from the triangle inequality. However, there are several applications in which the triangle inequality does not hold but in which we may still like to perform analysis. This paper investigates what happens if the triangle inequality is removed all together, leaving what is called a distance space, and also what happens if the triangle inequality is replaced with a much more general two parameter relation, which is herein called the "power triangle inequality". The power triangle inequality represents an uncountably large class of inequalities, and includes the triangle inequality, relaxed triangle inequality, and inframetric inequality as special cases. The power triangle inequality is defined in terms of a function that is herein called the power triangle function. The power triangle function is itself a power mean, and as such is continuous and monotone with respect to its exponential parameter, and also includes the operations of maximum, minimum, mean square, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean as special cases.

Properties of distance spaces with power triangle inequalities

Metric spaces provide a framework for analysis and have several very useful properties. Many of these properties follow in part from the triangle inequality. However, there are several applications in which the triangle inequality does not hold but in which we may still like to perform analysis. This paper investigates what happens if the triangle inequality is removed all together, leaving what is called a distance space, and also what happens if the triangle inequality is replaced with a much more general two parameter relation, which is herein called the "power triangle inequality". The power triangle inequality represents an uncountably large class of inequalities, and includes the triangle inequality, relaxed triangle inequality, and inframetric inequality as special cases. The power triangle inequality is defined in terms of a function that is herein called the power triangle function. The power triangle function is itself a power mean, and as such is continuous and monotone with respect to its exponential parameter, and also includes the operations of maximum, minimum, mean square, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean as special cases.

Properties of distance spaces with power triangle inequalities

Metric spaces provide a framework for analysis and have several very useful properties. Many of these properties follow in part from the triangle inequality. However, there are several applications in which the triangle inequality does not hold but in which we may still like to perform analysis. This paper investigates what happens if the triangle inequality is removed all together, leaving what is called a distance space, and also what happens if the triangle inequality is replaced with a much more general two parameter relation, which is herein called the "power triangle inequality". The power triangle inequality represents an uncountably large class of inequalities, and includes the triangle inequality, relaxed triangle inequality, and inframetric inequality as special cases. The power triangle inequality is defined in terms of a function that is herein called the power triangle function. The power triangle function is itself a power mean, and as such is continuous and monotone with respect to its exponential parameter, and also includes the operations of maximum, minimum, mean square, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean as special cases.

A Method of Earth Gravity Environment to Imitate LRV Steering on the Lunar Surface

The lunar roving vehicle (LRV) is an important and indispensable detection tool that not only can travel far from the lunar module and transport, but also need ensure the astronauts safety when driving. Thus, the driving training for the astronauts on the earth is of great significance. However, the same vehicle has the different dynamic properties under the different gravities, and it is not able to train them with same vehicle on the earth. Therefore, a method of earth environment to imitate LRV steering on the lunar surface is required. In this study, to find out the relationship of the vehicles under different gravities, a handling dynamic model of the vehicles under different gravities is built, some parameter relation coefficients of vehicles under different gravities are carried out, and all parameters of the imitating vehicle for training and imitating on the earth are solved. Finally, the simulation results in Vortex show that, the imitating vehicle, which is changed parameters from LRV, can imitate a LRV steering under the lunar gravity on the earth.

Research on Simulation of Pedestrian in Passenger Transfer Hub Based on Commuter

As the complex urban transportation network node,passenger transfer hub is the area of vary transport mode transforming and vary direction passenger flow assembling.Improve the service level and the transfer efficiency will increase the convenience, comfort and safety of the passenger transfer hub.Firstly,pedestrian traffic characteristics were analyzed in the hub based on the field experimental data.Secondly,pedestrian parameter relation models and relation curves of horizontal channel and stairs were established,and space parameter added at the same time.Finally,Applying Commuter software to simulate on Hohhot railway station for example and obtain some basic data related to pedestrian and vehicle equipment in order to provide certain support for evaluating the transfer efficiency-service level-operational management of the hub.