Makna Kata שָׁפַך (Shapak) Berdasarkan Kitab Kejadian 9:6

Kejadian 9 merupakan awal dari kisah perjanjian Allah dengan semua ciptaan-Nya di bumi setelah air bah, yang diwakilkan oleh Nuh. Kehidupan manusia sangat berharga di mata Tuhan, Allah menghendaki manusia untuk saling mengasihi bukan untuk saling membunuh, melalui kasih-Nya itu Allah mengadakan suatu perjanjian terhadapa pembalasan penumpahan darah pada manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan hermeneutika studi kata, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan makna dari kata “Penumpahan Darah Berdasarkan Kejadian 9:6” dari berbagai perbedaan interpretasi yang terjadi terhadap arti dari teks ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengarah kepada mengambil nyawa manusia dengan sengaja dalam arti pelaku sudah memiliki niat untuk melakukan kejahatan tersebut serta sudah merencanakan secara rapih dan memiliki tekat untuk melakukan pembunuhan, kehidupan manusia tidak boleh diambil sama sekali, karena manusia diciptakan menurut gambar Tuhan.Genesis 9 is the beginning of the story of God's covenant with all of His creation on earth after the flood, represented by Noah. Human life is very precious in the eyes of God, God wants people to love each other not to kill each other, through His love God made a covenant against the vengeance of shedding blood on humans. The method used is qualitative with a word study hermeneutic approach, this study aims to find the meaning of the word "Blood shedding based on Genesis 9:6" from the various different interpretations that occur on the meaning of this text. The results of this study lead to the intentional taking of human life in the sense that the perpetrator already has the intention to commit the crime and has been neatly arranged and has the determination to commit murder, human life should not be taken at all, because humans are created in the image of Lord.

Ἀποκάλυψισ en ἀποκαλύπτω as wederkomswoorde in die Nuwe Testament

Ἀποκάλυψισ and ἀποκαλύπτω as words denoting the second coming in the New Testament. Several Greek words are used in the New Testament to denote the second coming of Christ. None of these words can be translated as ‘second coming’. Two of these words are ἀποκάλυψις and ἀποκαλύπτω. This article departed from the viewpoint that God has a telos [purpose] for revealing that Jesus is coming again. Questions arise whether these words, denoting the second coming, can be treated as exact synonyms or whether there are differences in nuance in the meaning of these words. This article is a step in the process to answer these questions. A word study of the concepts ἀποκάλυψις and ἀποκαλύπτω was done and it was investigated how these terms for the second coming of Christ are used in the New Testament. Furthermore, the telos of the revelation regarding the ἀποκάλυψις of Christ in the relevant chapters of Scripture was determined. This is a question that is seldom addressed. For the word study, diachronic and synchronic methods were used. The development of ἀποκάλυψις and ἀποκαλύπτω into suitable words for denoting the second coming was thus tracked from the Old to the New Testament. For the determination of the use of ἀποκάλυψις and ἀποκαλύπτω in the New Testament, as well as for the determination of the telos of the revelation regarding the second coming, exegesis was conducted in the revelation-historical tradition. The result was an original definition of the meaning of ἀποκάλυψις and ἀποκαλύπτω as used in various contexts: ‘It is the triune God’s final revelation of himself in Jesus Christ at his second coming, in glory, in order to fully reveal, fulfil and realise his Word, his master plan, his covenant and his promises and to be in eternal fellowship with his children.’ The telos for the revelation of the ἀποκάλυψις of Christ was determined as warning believers to be prepared, encouraging and comforting them in afflictions and suffering. A theological definition of the meaning of ἀποκάλυψις provides a handy tool for exegetes. Foreknowledge of the telos of the revelation regarding the ἀποκάλυψις could guide exegetes in their endeavours.Contribution: An original theological definition of the meaning of ἀποκάλυψις and ἀποκαλύπτω was provided and the telos of the revelation regarding ἀποκάλυψις and ἀποκαλύπτω was determined as warning believers to be prepared, encouraging and comforting them in afflictions and suffering.

Ἐπιφάνεια as wederkomswoord in die Nuwe Testament

Ἐπιφάνεια as a word denoting the second coming in the New Testament. In the New Testament, several Greek words are used to denote the second coming of Christ. None of these words can be translated as ‘second coming’. One of these words is ἐπιφάνεια. This article departed from the viewpoint that God has a telos [purpose] for revealing that Jesus is coming again. Questions arise whether these words, denoting the second coming, can be treated as exact synonyms and whether there are differences in nuance in the meaning of these words. This article is a step in the process to answer these questions. A word study of the concept ἐπιφάνεια was done and it was investigated how this term for the second coming of Christ is used in the New Testament. Furthermore, the telos of the revelation regarding the ἐπιφάνεια of Christ in the relevant chapters of Scripture was determined. This is a question that is seldom addressed. For the word study, diachronic and synchronic methods were used. The development of ἐπιφάνεια into a suitable word for denoting the second coming was thus tracked. For the determination of the use of ἐπιφάνεια in the New Testament, as well as for the determination of the telos of the revelation regarding the second coming, exegesis was conducted in the revelation-historical tradition. The result was an original definition of the meaning of ἐπιφάνεια as used in various contexts: It is the sudden and unexpected, visible appearance and intervention of Jesus Christ as God at his second coming in magnificent splendour to judge, to annihilate his enemies and to redeem the faithful. The main telos for the revelation of the ἐπιφάνεια of Christ was determined as comforting and encouraging the saints, including ministers of the Word. A theological definition of the meaning of ἐπιφάνεια provides a handy tool for exegetes. Foreknowledge of the telos of the revelation regarding the ἐπιφάνεια as comfort and encouragement for the saints, can guide exegetes in their endeavours.Contribution: By means of exegesis in the revelation-historical tradition, an original, theological definition of the meaning of ἐπιφάνεια was provided and the telos of the revelation regarding ἐπιφάνεια was determined as comfort and encouragement for the saints.

Learning Together: Teachers’ Evolving Understanding of Coordinated Word Study Instruction Within an RTI Framework

Despite evidence that tiered instruction within response to intervention (RTI) frameworks is important for students with reading difficulties, no complementary professional development (PD) research demonstrates how teachers can develop knowledge necessary to implement coordinated evidence-based instruction across instructional tiers. One promising PD approach combines lesson study (LS) with content-focused PD sessions; PD sessions introduce teachers to new knowledge, while LS supports teachers in integrating knowledge into their instructional repertoires. We used grounded theory methods to investigate how teams of upper elementary teachers’ ( n = 7) understandings of coordinated, tiered reading instruction changed through participation in Project InSync, a year-long PD consisting of content-focused PD workshops and LS cycles. Results indicate that, through interactions during LS sessions, teachers developed more sophisticated and integrated understandings of word study content, pedagogical practices, students’ struggles with literacy, and coordinating instruction across instructional tiers. Results have implications for teacher PD within RTI frameworks.

P0268A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, THALIDOMIDE AND DEXAMETHASONE (CTD) VERSUS BORTEZOMIB AND DEXAMETHASONE (BDEX) IN AL AMYLOIDOSIS: A REAL-WORD STUDY IN CHINESE PATIENTS

Background and Aims Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the deposition of misfolded immunoglobulin light chains. The prognosis of AL patients is poor. About 70% of patients have renal involvement and one third of patients would progress to dialysis. Cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone (CTD) and bortezomib and dexamethasone (BDex) have shown great efficacy in patients with AL amyloidosis, especially in Chinese patients. But which option is more suitable for Chinese patients is unclear. Method We retrospectively evaluated 81 AL patients who received CTD (n = 42) or BDex (n = 39) and used Mayo stage 2012 to match 26 pairs of patients. Results In the whole cohort, the overall hematologic responses were 86% vs 91% in the CTD and BDex groups, including a complete response of 56% vs 71%, higher than most of the previously reported chemotherapies. One- and two-year overall survival (OS) was 90.2% and 81.7% with CTD regimen, and 87.6% and 82.7% with BDex regimen. After matching by Mayo stage 2012, BDex regimen showed the advantage in the depth and speed of hematologic response over CTD regimen, but there were no statistically significant differences in OS both based on the ITT analysis (P = 0.24) and 6-month landmark analysis (P = 0.48). Cardiac response was similar, while there was a trend for higher renal response in patients treated with BDex (68% vs 44%, P = 0.09). Additionally, we found that if the patients were limited to Mayo stage III or worse, BDex regimen was associated with improved survival (P = 0.009). Overall toxicities were manageable in both regimens. Severe hematologic toxicities and diarrhea should get more attention in patients treated with BDex. Conclusion This is the first comparison of BDex versus CTD in patients with AL amyloidosis. These results indicated that CTD and BDex regimens can be active and safe chemotherapy for Chinese patients, but BDex regimen is superior to CTD in achieving more rapidly and deeper clonal response, as well as in improving OS in selected patients.This conclusion is significant because we confirmed BDex regimen may be an optimal option in treating Chinese patients with AL amyloidosis. The definite advantages on long-term prognosis need to be verified in the further studies.

The fate of borrowings in Russian language (to the history of the word partisan)

We analyze the semantics and usage of French borrowing of military partisan themes from the moment it entered Russian at the turn of the XVII–XVIII centuries to the present time. We give an etymological and historical analysis of the word, and consider the evolution of its semantics in Russian language due to the functional diversity of its use both in the donor language and in the recipient language. The study of lexeme history in cultural and historical terms helps to trace the development of the form and meaning of the word partisans and its derivatives, the peculiarities of its functioning as a representative of battle vocabulary sphere in Russian language. We conclude that the sememe is completely borrowed from the French language into the Russian lite-rary language in terms of its form (phonetics, grammar, peculiarities of word usage) and meaning. We indicate and analyze in detail the sources of word study in the synchronous-diachronic aspect, lexicographic, documentary-historical, and artistic-textual sources both on the material of the modern Russian literary language and in the previous periods of its development, and we identify the transformation of its semantic structure. We pay attention to the disclosure of the extensional value of the word in the text of Leo Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace”, which is the most valu-able source for studying the lexical and semantic system of Russian language of the pre-Pushkin era. A number of examples from different spheres of the modern usus of Russian language show changes in the functional and stylistic coloration of the word and the acquisition of enantiosemici-ty features and other additional shades by the word. We conclude that the word partisan is adapted as an element of the battle term system of Russian language and that its use in modern conditions of conducting combat operations is inevitably fading away, turning it into historicism.