Experimental adsorption and desorption characterization of a gasoline-fueled vehicle carbon canister for European application filled with n-butane and nitrogen mixtures

The evaporative emission control system (EVAP system) is the most commonly used strategy to limit the unburned petrol vapor emissions from a gasoline-fueled vehicle fuel tank, in order to comply with the international regulations on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emission. A carbon canister is used to collect and store the gasoline vapors generated in the tank, then it is purged by the engine intake manifold depression and the vapors are burned in the engine along with the fresh charge. In this activity, a 1.0 L carbon canister for European gasoline vehicles, provided by FCA, has been used for an experimental analysis, in order to characterize its adsorption and desorption behavior. A standard mixture of n-butane and nitrogen (40 g/h of n-butane, 50% vol. with nitrogen) has been used for loading the canister to breakthrough (2 g); canister purging has been performed with 3000 bed volumes of nitrogen flux at 25 L/min. Tests have been performed in FCA laboratories, at the Pomigliano Technical Center. Canister mass gain has been measured during the tests and after each test with a precision weight scale. Internal temperatures have also been measured by K-type thermocouples placed inside the carbon bed; due to the adsorption process, bed temperatures can reach 70 °C. After several tests, results on mass gain show an “aging” trend of the activated carbons.

Turbocharging the aircraft two-stroke diesel engine

The power and efficiency of a two-stroke engine strongly depends on the efficiency of the scavenging process which consists in re-moving the rest of the exhaust gases from the cylinder and filling it with a fresh charge. The quality of the charge exchange process is significantly influenced by the construction of the intake system. The paper presents a zero-dimensional model of the aircraft two-stroke opposed-piston diesel engine with two variants of the intake system: with a mechanical compressor and a turbocharger connected in series with a mechanical compressor. Simulation studies of the developed cases were carried out in the AVL BOOST software. For the defined engine operating points, its performance was compared for different designs of the intake system. It was confirmed that the use of a turbocharger with a mechanical compressor extends the range of operating at high altitudes.

Influence of parameters and location of the tumble inlet porton air charging in the diesel cylinder

The calculation of the actual working cycle processes allows to determine with satisfactory accuracy the value of the main parameters of the newly developed engine for any given conditions of its operation, to assess the impact of individual factors on the processes and the performance of the cycle as a whole. Thus establish character of change of pressure and temperature in each process, define the sizes of the engine, and also solve questions of increase of its reliability taking into account the received settlement thermal and dynamic loadings. Pre-intake begins at the time of opening the inlet and ends at the time of arrival of the piston in the TDC. The mixture or air does not enter the cylinder during preheating, as the volume of the cylinder decreases. However, the pre-opening of the intake valve allows you to create a sufficient cross-section to the beginning of the receipt of fresh charge in the cylinder and, therefore, leads to an improvement in the filling of the cylinders. In addition, due to the delay in closing the exhaust valve, the purge of the combustion chamber from residual gases is improved.

INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF THE DIESEL ENGINE STARTING

Introduction.The paper is devoted to the investigation of the D-type diesel engines’ start-up of the B-2 type under low temperatures, especially to the influence of the fresh charge temperature on the starting characteristics of the diesel engines. The Russian Federation is located in climatic zones with predominance of low ambient air temperatures and under extreme conditions. However, such situation is not adequately studied in scientific literature.The main problem is in the search for rational values of the temperature of the fresh charge at the beginning of the compression stroke. The increase of such temperature leads to the decrease in the oxygen mass, and to the decrease to an insufficient temperature at the end of the compression stroke and, as a result, it would not provide ignition. Therefore, the aim of the research is to substantiate the rational values of the fresh charge temperature and further practical implementation of these values at modern BTWT facilities.Materials and methods.The author uses standard theoretical and theoretical methods based on widely approved dependences of the piston internal combustion engines’ theory, gas dynamics and thermodynamics, which have been refined taking into account the features of the diesel engine start. Results. As a result, the author determines rational values of the fresh charge temperature, makes the analysis of the pre-launch preparation and facilitating of the D-type diesel engines’ start-up and demonstrates the method of increasing and further stabilizing of the temperature of the inlet charge at modern BTWT facilities.Discussion and conclusion.The research confirms the rational values of the fresh charge temperature, by using of which the diesel has the best starting characteristics. The author also proposes a technical solution for values’ realization by using a vortex induction heater.

Continuously Varying Exhaust Pipe Length and Diameter to Improve the Performance of a Naturally Aspirated SI Engine

Wave tuning is a concept which increases the volumetric efficiency of a naturally aspirated engine by providing a scavenging effect to clear out residual gases and increase inflow of fresh charge. This paper analyses the effects of tuning pulsating sonic wave produced over a broad range of speeds in the exhaust manifold of a single cylinder 510 cc SI engine, on the power and torque of the engine. 1-D model of the engine is modeled using Ricardo Wave. The simulation results obtained through the parametric analysis are compared with the standard data provided by the engine testing. On average, 7% increase in torque and 6% increase in power are observed by continuously varying exhaust pipe length. While continuously varying exhaust pipe diameter, 6% increase in torque and power is observed. When combined together, the continuously varying exhaust pipe length and diameter produce 8.5% increased torque and 9% increased power, respectively.

FEATURES OF THE DIESEL RUNNING BY CAMELINA-MINERAL FUEL IN THE MODE OF INDEPENDENT IDLING

The mode of independent idling, characterized by an impaired process flow, unproductive fuel consumption and increased emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, is the most unfavorable mode of the diesel engine operation. Therefore, the aim of the research is to reveal the peculiarities of the tractor diesel engine operation by the camelina-mineral fuel in the mode of independent idling. Camelina-mineral fuel is a mixture of camelina oil and mineral diesel fuel in certain ratio of these components. To assess the possibility of using the camelina oil as biological component of diesel mixed fuel, an experimental study of the D-243 diesel engine in idling mode was carried out, and the degree of influence of the different ratio of the components of the mixed fuel on its parameters was determined. The researches were carried out with the diesel fuel on the L-0.2-62 mineral fuel and the camelina-mineral fuel with a ratio of the biological and mineral components: 25% RyzhM + 75% DT; 50% RyzhM + 50% DT; 75% RyzhM + 25% DT; 90% RyzhM + 10% DT and 90% RyzhM + 10% DT (US). For the parameters of the diesel, the excess air factor, the filling ratio of the diesel cylinder with fresh charge, the maximum cycle pressure, the hourly fuel consumption, smoke and carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gases are taken. It is established that when the diesel engine works on camelina-mineral fuel mode the minimum sustainable speed of the crankshaft idle speed 800 min-1 the values of maximum cycle pressure (6.3 MPa) and the filling ratio of the cylinders of a diesel engine the fresh charge (0,87) remain unchanged. The coefficient of excess air, increasing in mixed fuel shares of camelina oil to 90%, reduced from 7.187 to 4.619, while fuel consumption increases of 1.1 kg/h 2 kg/h. The best environmental indicators are observed when working on red-and-mineral fuel 50% RyzhM + 50% DT. Handling mixed fuel with ultrasound reduces fuel consumption, smoke and content of carbon oxide in the exhaust gas relative to the mixed fuel not treated with ultrasound.