15N-Fertilizer Recovery in Maize as an Additional Strategy for Understanding Nitrogen Fertilization Management with Blends of Controlled-Release and Conventional Urea

A single application of polymer-sulfur coated urea (PSCU) and conventional urea (U) is expected to ensure nitrogen (N) throughout the maize (Zea mays L.) growth cycle being U the likely main N-fertilizer supplier at the beginning and PSCU during the maize growth cycle. This research aimed to evaluate N fertilization management (split, incorporated, and broadcast application) and fertilizer blends (30%PSCU + 70%U and 70%PSCU + 30%U) on volatilization of ammonia (AV) and soil N mineral content (NM); plant N uptake (NU) and 15N-fertilizer recovery (NR); and yield (GY). Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons (2017–2018 and 2019–2020) in Rhodic Eutrustox soil. U was treated with NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide). N rate was 180 kg ha−1. AV reached 12% of the applied N (broadcast-applied 70%PSCU + 30%U, 2017–2018). The 30%PSCU + 70%U application resulted in higher NM at 40–60 cm depth in vegetative and reproductive stages in both seasons. The 70%PSCU + 30%U application resulted in the highest GY in 2017–2018, and the N treatments did not affect GY in 2019–2020. NR was 3% on average at vegetative leaf stage 4 (V4), and PSCU, the main N-fertilizer supplier applying 70%PSCU + 30%U. After V4, the main N-fertilizer supplier is PSCU for 70%PSCU + 30%U and U for 30%PSCU + 70%U application. These blends (incorporated, broadcast, and split application) can ensure N during the maize growth cycle, with NR of 72.5% at maturity (R6) being 47.9% in the grain.

Download Full-text

Utilisation de l'engrais azoté marqué au 15N par le maïs selon les modes d'application et les doses d'azote

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s95-075 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 9-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Thi Sen Tran ◽

Marcel Giroux ◽

Michel P. Cescas

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

N Uptake ◽

Field Trials ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N Recovery ◽

Split Application ◽

N Application ◽

Application Methods ◽

N Rates

The main objective of this study was to compare the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer by different methods of N application and N rates. Field experiments were carried out for 3 yr at Saint-Hyacinthe (Saint-Damase, Du Contour, Sainte-Rosalie soils) and at Saint-Lambert, Lévis (Le Bras soil). Grain corn (cv. Pride K228, 2700 CHU) and silage corn (cv. Hyland 3251, 2300 CHU) were grown at Saint-Hyacinthe and Saint-Lambert, respectively. In 1988 and 1989, field trials were arranged in a randomized complete bloc design consisting of five treatments in three replications: control 0 N and four split application methods of N fertilizer. Labelled 15NH4 15NO3 fertilizer was applied either banded at planting as starter (D), broadcast and incorporated before planting (Vs) or sidedressing between rows at V6 to V8 stages of corn (Bp). In 1990 field trials, treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1) labelled with 15NH4 15NO3. The effect of N rates on yield and N uptake by corn was significant in all years. However, the effect of application methods was significant only on the soil Du Contour in 1989 where corn grain yield was highest when N fertilizer was split as starter and sidedress band. The CUR of N fertilizer applied broadcast before planting (42 to 48%) was generally lower than sidedressing band application (43 to 54%). N fertilizer recovery in the starter showed also high CUR values (45 to 60%). Consequently, it is recommended to split N fertilizers and apply in band to increase efficiency for grain corn. The CUR values decreased with N rates only in Le Bras soil in 1990. Residual N fertilizer increased from 27 to 103 kg N ha−1 for 60 and 180 kg N ha−1 rates, respectively. Consequently, the environmental impact of N fertilization may increased with high N rate. Key words: Grain corn, silage corn, 15N recovery, fertilizer N split application

Download Full-text

Forage-corn production and N-fertilizer replacement values following 1 or 2 years of legumes

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-066 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 477-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Théophile Paré ◽

François P. Chalifour ◽

Josée Bourassa ◽

Hani Antoun

Keyword(s):

Faba Bean ◽

Field Experiments ◽

N Uptake ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Corn Production ◽

N Application ◽

Silty Loam ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Crop Sequence

The costs of N fertilizer and concern for sustainable agriculture have led to renewed interest in the use of legumes as a source of N for succeeding non-legume crops. In this regard, field experiments were conducted in 1987,1988 and 1989 on a Rivière-du-Loup sandy gravelly loam (Ferro-Humic Podzol) at St-Anselme and on a Chaloupe silty loam (Orthic Humic Gleysol) at Deschambault in eastern Quebec, Canada, to determine the effects of 1 or 2 years of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Outlook and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Maple Amber on subsequent forage-corn (Zea mays L.) Pioneer 3979 dry matter yields (DMY) and N uptake, and the N-fertilizer replacement values (NFRV) of the different crop sequences. Corn in monoculture or following a legume was fertilized with 0, 50, 100 or 150 kg N ha−1, and legumes received 20 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3. In 1989, at both locations, the DMY and N uptake of forage corn in monoculture or following 2 consecutive years of soybean, or subsequent to soybean and faba bean grown 2 years previously, increased linearly with N application. After 2 consecutive years of faba bean, the DMY were not affected by increasing fertilization, but the N uptake generally increased proportionally to N application. The estimated NFRV (on a DMY basis) after 2 consecutive years of faba bean varied from 60 to 125 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme, and from 100 to 110 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault for the ears and stover, respectively. The NFRV estimated for the same cropping sequence varied from 122 to 129 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme and from 104 to 131 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault, for the stover and ears, respectively, on the basis of N uptake. For 2 consecutive years of soybean, it averaged 14 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme and 33 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault, on the basis of the DMY; when based on the N uptake, the NFRV of 2 consecutive years of soybean varied from 14 to 21 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme and from 0 to 15 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault for the stover and ears, respectively. The average NFRV (based on the DMY) for faba bean grown 2 years previously were 17 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme but NFRV varied from 0 to 16 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault for stover and ears, respectively; on the basis of N uptake, the NFRV for the same crop sequence averaged 24 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme, but varied from 0 to 15 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault for the stover and ears, respectively. Key words: Corn, faba bean, soybean, crop sequence, N fertilization

Download Full-text

Nitrogen fertilization of maize with enhanced-efficiency fertilizer

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.08.p1625 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1383-1387

Author(s):

Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽

Antônio Costa ◽

Roberto dos Anjos Reis Júnior ◽

Jéssica C. Urbanski Laureth

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Field Experiments ◽

N Uptake ◽

Maize Yield ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Nitrate N ◽

Ammonium N ◽

Coated Urea

Urea fertilizers coated with polymers are used to optimize nitrogen (N) uptake by crops. However, there are many types of polymers that can be used for coating, leading to differences in observed results. Consequently, validation of this technology to guarantee its viability in agriculture is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of ammonium- and nitrate-N levels in the soil, maize yield and nutritional status, N fertilization efficiency with Policote® urea coating, and different N doses under various soil and climatic conditions. Three field experiments were carried out to compare the performance of common urea with Policote® coated urea. A (2 x 4) + 1 factorial design with two N sources (common urea and Policote® coated urea), four N doses, and a control treatment (without N) was used. The results showed that Nitrate-N levels in the soil were not affected by the treatments. However, the ammonium-N levels was increased with N fertilization. Higher levels of soil ammonium-N contents were observed in treatments with Policote® coated urea. Foliar nitrogen levels were increased linearly with N doses only in one of the experiments. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased maize yield. Higher yield and N fertilization efficiency were observed in treatments with Policote® coated urea than with common urea.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Two Irrigation Scheduling Methods and Nitrogen Rates on Corn Production in Alabama

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2020/8869383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Jose Franco Da Cunha Leme Filho ◽

Brenda V. Ortiz ◽

Kipling S. Balkcom ◽

Damianos Damianidis ◽

Thorsten J. Knappenberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Aboveground Biomass ◽

N Uptake ◽

Management Strategies ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Pan Evaporation ◽

Irrigation Application ◽

Growing Seasons

Regulations on nutrient application amounts and environmental impacts of fertilizers are promoting advances in agricultural management strategies to optimize irrigation application and N fertilization in corn. Previous studies have found a relationship between irrigation application, available water in the soil, and N fertilizer uptake. The objective of this study was to evaluate interactions between two irrigation scheduling methods and four N rate applications (0-control, 202, 269, and 336 kg ha−1) on grain yield, aboveground biomass, plant N concentration, N uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency in corn. The study was conducted at the Tennessee Valley Research and Extension Center (TVREC) during two growing seasons (2014 and 2015). The irrigation scheduling methods consisted of (i) the pan evaporation method, which is based on managing the crop’s estimated evapotranspiration (ET) using pan evaporation values and the crop’s consumptive water use and (ii) the sensor-based irrigation scheduling method based on soil matric potential values recorded by soil moisture tension sensors installed in the field. Irrigation amounts from both irrigation scheduling methods indicated that less water was applied with the sensor-based method. The different amounts of irrigation applied associated with the two irrigation scheduling methods did not impact grain yield, aboveground biomass, and NUE. In general, NUEs values decreased with increased N rates, which means that additional N fertilizer added to the soil was not converted into grain yield or/and adsorbed by plants; therefore, more N remained in the soil, increasing the risk for environmental problems.

Download Full-text

Management of fertilizer nitrogen for direct-sown, rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600082034 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 475-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. Panda ◽

R. N. Samantaray ◽

S. Patnaik

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Management Practices ◽

Field Experiments ◽

N Uptake ◽

Split Application ◽

Band Placement ◽

Flood Water ◽

Broadcast Application ◽

Ammonium N ◽

Coated Urea

SummaryField experiments were conducted in wet seasons (June-December) for 4 years on a clay loam Haplaquept, to study the effects of different N management practices on yield, urea and ammonium-N in flood water and N nutrition of an clite rice cv. CR 1009, grown in rainfed lowlands. During the first 3 years of the experiment, fertilizer management practices like band placement of neem-cake-coated urea (NCU), broadcast application of sulphur-coated urea (SCU) at sowing, or point placement of urea supergranules (USG) 3 weeks after germination at 40 kg N/ha gave grain yields of 3·1–3·4 t·ha, which were almost equal to that of split application of prilled urea (PU). In the 4th year of the experiment, besides NCU and USG, single dose applications of PU as band placement, incorporation in the soil at sowing or broadcast incorporation of soil-treated urea at early tillering was also found to have similar effect on grain yield and N uptake as split application of PU. The flood water of the treatment receiving broadcast application of PU at tillering contained some urea and ammonium N, which rapidly decreased to negligible amounts in 3·4 days.The results suggest that, depending upon the feasibility, any one of the single dose application methods at sowing time or 3 weeks after germination may be adopted in this system of rice culture, which avoids top-dressing of PU to surface flowing flood water of greater depths at later stages of crop growth.

Download Full-text

Triticale out-performs wheat on range of UK soils with a similar nitrogen requirement

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859616000356 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 155 (2) ◽

pp. 261-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. E. ROQUES ◽

D. R. KINDRED ◽

S. CLARKE

Keyword(s):

Harvest Index ◽

Field Experiments ◽

N Uptake ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Yield Response ◽

Consistent Difference ◽

Total N ◽

The Mean ◽

The Uk ◽

N Rates

SUMMARYTriticale has a reputation for performing well on poor soils, under drought and with reduced inputs, but there has been little investigation of its performance on the better yielding soils dominated by wheat production. The present paper reports 16 field experiments comparing wheat and triticale yield responses to nitrogen (N) fertilizer on high-yielding soils in the UK in harvest years 2009–2014. Each experiment included at least two wheat and at least two triticale varieties, grown at five or six N fertilizer rates from 0 to at least 260 kg N/ha. Linear plus exponential curves were fitted to describe the yield response to N and to calculate economically optimal N rates. Normal type curves with depletion were used to describe protein responses to N. Whole crop samples from selected treatments were taken prior to harvest to measure crop biomass, harvest index, crop N content and yield components. At commercial N rates, mean triticale yield was higher than the mean wheat yield at 13 out of 16 sites; the mean yield advantage of triticale was 0·53 t/ha in the first cereal position and 1·26 t/ha in the second cereal position. Optimal N requirement varied with variety at ten of the 16 sites, but there was no consistent difference between the optimal N rates of wheat and triticale. Triticale grain had lower protein content and lower specific weight than wheat grain. Triticale typically showed higher biomass and straw yields, lower harvest index and higher total N uptake than wheat. Consequently, triticale had higher N uptake efficiency and higher N use efficiency. Based on this study, current N fertilizer recommendations for triticale in the UK are too low, as are national statistics and expectations of triticale yields. The implications of these findings for arable cropping and cereals markets in the UK and Northern Europe are discussed, and the changes which would need to occur to allow triticale to fulfil a role in achieving sustainable intensification are explored.

Download Full-text

Soybean nitrogen contribution to corn and residual nitrate under conventional tillage and no-till

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s96-096 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 543-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. S. Rembon ◽

A. F. MacKenzie

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Field Experiments ◽

N Uptake ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Winter Precipitation ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Tillage Method

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) can produce high-N residues that may benefit subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) production, but the degree of benefit is often unpredictable and may be related to tillage methods. This study investigated the effects of conventional-tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) on fertilizer replacement values for corn in a corn-soybean rotation. Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons on two soils, a Ste. Rosalie clay (Humic Gleysol), and an Ormstown silty clay (Humic Gleysol). Continuous corn, corn following soybean, soybean following corn, continuous soybean, and three levels of fertilizer N (0, 90, 180 and 0, 20, and 40 kg N ha−1 for corn and soybean, respectively) were compared. Tillage did not effect yield or N uptake consistently. Corn grain yields and N uptake were greater following soybean than following corn. Soybean provided N fertilizer credits ranging from 40 to 150 kg N ha−1, which was greater than the residual NO3 in the soil prior to planting. Credits were greater in the year with higher corn yields and lower previous winter precipitation resulting in greater NO3 carryover. Tillage effects on N credits from soybean differed between the sites. Consequently, N contributions of soybean to corn could not be related to tillage method or soil type. Key words:Zea mays L., Glycine max L. Merill, rotations, grain yield, N uptake, tillage, fertilizer N

Download Full-text

Nitrogen Fertilization of a High Yielding White-Kernel Corn in Oxisols and Ultisols in Puerto Rico

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v60i3.10526 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 336-343

Author(s):

H. Talleyrand ◽

R. H. Fox ◽

M. A. Lugo-López

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

N Uptake ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Grain Yields

Field experiments with a high-yielding white-kernel hybrid corn. Funk's G-795W, were conducted on four typical soils of Puerto Rico: two Oxisols (Bayamón sandy loam at Manatí and Catalina clay at Barranquitas) and two Ultisols (Humatas clay at Corozal and Torres clay at Cidra). The main objectives of this study were to determine the yield potential and the optimum level of N fertilizer for this hybrid in these soils. Auxiliary objectives were to determine the N supplying power of these soils and the apparent recovery of fertilizer N by the crop. High corn yields (8.4 tons/ha) were obtained on the Humatas clay with 60 to 120 kg/ha of N fertilizer. Only 5.4 tons/ha of corn were obtained on Bayamón sandy loam at the same rate of fertilization. Apparent N recoveries were 60 to 72% at these rates. Grain/stover ratios averaged 1.20 on Humatas and only 0.72 on Bayamón. The low grain/stover ratio and the lower grain yields at this site probably could be attributed to late planting and the damage done to the plants by Helminthosporium maydis. There were no yield or N uptake responses to applied N fertilizer on the nonirrigated Catalina and Torres soils. A severe drought reduced stover yields to less than half of those of the irrigated treatments. Maximum nonirrigated grain yields on these soils (4.8 tons/ha) were well below the 8.3 tons/ha obtained on Humatas. The N supplying power of these soils was enough to provide 70 to 90 kg/ha of plant N.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of sources, doses and application schedules of nitrogen on drip-irrigated tomato

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362014000300015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 327-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Waldir A Marouelli ◽

Ronessa B Souza ◽

Marcos B Braga ◽

Washington LC Silva

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

N Uptake ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Uptake Curve ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Determinate Growth ◽

Determinate Growth Habit

We aimed to establish strategies for nitrogen (N) fertilization on drip-irrigated determinate-growth-habit tomato, under Cerrado conditions of Central Brazil. Three field experiments were carried out in a randomized block design. In experiment I six N doses (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 kg ha-1 N) were tested, in experiment II six combinations of the N forms (nitric; ammonium; amide; 2/3 nitric + 1/3 ammonium; 2/3 nitric + 1/3 amide; and 1/3 nitric + 2/3 amide) were evaluated, and in experiment III the combination of three soil pre-plant fertilization fractions (0, 20 and 40%) was evaluated with two splitting schemes of the remaining N via fertigation (linear and adjusted N-uptake curve). SPAD chlorophyll index and N content were measured in the leaves of tomato plants on experiment I. The physical and economic yields of tomato crop were maximized for the doses of 287 kg N ha-1 and 270 kg N ha-1, respectively, with doses of 2.1 g and 2.0 g of N per kg of commercial fruit. The yield was maximized for 52 SPAD units. The combinations of forms and the application schedules of N had no significant effect on the yield components of the tomato crop.

Download Full-text

Effects of strobilurin fungicide programmes and fertilizer nitrogen rates on winter wheat: leaf area, dry matter yield and nitrogen yield

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859611000724 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 150 (4) ◽

pp. 427-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. ISHIKAWA ◽

M. C. HARE ◽

P. S. KETTLEWELL

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

N Uptake ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Bread Making ◽

N Accumulation ◽

N Yield ◽

Wheat Leaf ◽

Strobilurin Fungicide ◽

Nitrogen Rates

SUMMARYFour field experiments were conducted on wheat, using the bread-making cultivar Hereward, over 3 years to study the interactions between nitrogen (N) and strobilurin fungicides with respect to yield and grain N. In one of the field experiments, above-ground dry matter (DM) yield was greater when the plots were treated with a mixture of triazole and strobilurin than when either no fungicide or triazole alone was applied. On plots that received no N fertilizer, above-ground DM and grain yield were lower for the plots treated with fungicides than for plots not treated with fungicide, which implied that the benefit of applying fungicides could only be exploited with N fertilization. There was no difference in above-ground N accumulation between fungicide programmes; however, greater N accumulation in grains was observed following the application of a mixture of triazole and the strobilurin trifloxystrobin compared with plots treated with either no fungicide or triazole alone. This increase in grain N appeared to be attributable more to improved translocation of N to grains rather than to increased N uptake from the soil. The two strobilurin fungicide ingredients kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin, each mixed with a triazole and tested in the present study, performed differently. Better performance, especially with respect to grain N yield, was observed most frequently with trifloxystrobin compared to kresoxim-methyl.

Download Full-text