The Effect of Hydrogen Enrichment on The Exhaust Emission Characteristic in A Spark Ignition Engine Fueled by Gasoline-Bioethanol Blends

Bioethanol characteristics can be used as an alternative fuel to spark-ignition (SI) engines to reduce emissions. This experiment evaluates the production of emissions for SI engines using hydrogen enrichment in the gasoline-bioethanol fuel blends. The fraction of bioethanol fuel blend was added to the gasoline fuel of 10% by volume and hydrogen fuel produced by the electrolysis process with a dry cell electrolyzer. The NaOH was used as an electrolyte which is dissolved in water of 5% by a mass fraction. The test is conducted using a single-cylinder 155cc gasoline engine with sensors and an interface connected to a computer to control loading and record all sensor variables in real-time. Hydrogen produced from the electrolysis reactor is injected through the intake manifold using two injectors, hydrogen injected simultaneously at a specific time with a gasoline-bioethanol fuel. The test was conducted with variations of engine speeds. The emission product of ethanol--H2 (BE10+H2) was an excellent candidate as a new alternative of fuel solution in the future. The engasolinerichment of hydrogen increased the flame speed and generated a stable combustion reaction. The hydrogen enrichment produced CO2 emission due to the unavailability of carbon content in hydrogen fuel. As a result, the C/H ratio is lower than for mixed fuels.

Synthesis of Cellulose Stearate Ester as Wet Strength Agent for Synthesis of Bio-polybag from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

Biodegradable polybags are an alternative to overcome the weakness of synthetic polybags because of their degradation properties. Oil palm empty fruit bunches contain a lot of cellulose so that they can be used as a biodegradable polybag. Wet Strength serves to increase the physical strength of bio-polybags when exposed to water (in wet conditions) so that water content stability is required. In this study, Cellulose Stearate Esters were synthesized in an effort to increase the stability of the water content in bio-polybags. Cellulose Stearate Esters are synthesized through a transesterification reaction between -Cellulose isolated from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) with methyl stearate. The synthesis of cellulose stearate esters was carried out by refluxing for 2 hours using methanol solvent with various catalysts Na2CO3 5, 10, 15, 20 mg and with volume variations of methyl stearate 5, 10, 15. And the best variation was determined based on the degree of substitution test, namely with variations Na2CO3 catalyst 20 mg and volume of methyl Stearate 15 ml, amounting to 1.95. The result of the synthesis, namely cellulose stearate, was tested for functional groups by FT-IR spectroscopy and surface morphology using SEM. The formation of cellulose stearate is supported by the FT-IR spectrum in the wavenumber region of 3468.01 cm-1 indicating an OH group, 3062.96 cm-1 indicating a CH stretching group, 1695.43 cm-1 indicating a C=O group, cm-1 indicating a CH bending group, 1095.57cm-1 indicates a COC group, 609.51cm-1 indicates a (CH2)n>4 group. The results of surface morphology analysis using SEM showed that the surface of cellulose stearate looked homogeneous, more regular and had denser cavities than -Cellulose

Economic Feasibility Study on The Development of Irrigation Channels

Indonesia is an agricultural country where the livelihood of the majority of the population is farming. Geographically, Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has enormous natural potential, both in the marine and agricultural fields. The agricultural sector is a sector that has an important role in improving the welfare of the entire population of Indonesia. Rice fields in Blang Beurandang Village still rely on irrigation from using rainwater to meet irrigation water needs. To increase rice yields, an irrigation network is needed that can flow water to the rice fields. It is necessary to conduct a feasibility study on the irrigation to be built so that it can be calculated from an economic point of view whether the project is feasible or not. This feasibility study is equipped with an analysis using the first method; Net Present Value (NPV), the second is the Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) analysis, the third is the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and the fourth is the Break Event Point (BEP). The results of this study are the value of the investment cost of the construction project or the initial capital of the irrigation canal which is IDR. 2,088,058,500, and the value of the operational and maintenance costs is IDR. 9,578,250 per year. The results obtained that NPV was IDR. 30,614,330, BCR was 1.01%, IRR was 5.88% > 5% and BEP occurred in the 22nd year and the 7th month. Based on the calculation results obtained from these four methods, it shows that the irrigation channel construction project has met the eligibility requirements and the project can be implemented or built. This means that the construction of irrigation networks in the village is feasible.

Development of an Acehnese Value-Based Education Implementation Model at SMK Negeri 7

The values of Islamic character should be the spirit that colors all aspects of education, both in classroom-based learning, the climate of school life, as well as in the context of interaction with community life in general, integrated into learning starting from planning, implementing, and evaluating according to the characteristics Basic Competence. Learning in vocational schools needs to be designed according to the demands of the curriculum in an effort to instill Acehnese values through production-based training/production-based education and training and Islamic edutechnopreneur learning practices. The objectives of this research are to: 1) Develop a model of education implementation based on Acehnese values through the Islamic Edutechnopreneur model; 2) Testing the quality of the education delivery model; and 3) Analyzing teacher and student responses to the Acehnese values-based education model through the Islamic Edutechnopreneur model that has been developed at SMK Negeri 7 Lhokseumawe. This study uses the Research and Development method. The importance of this research is because vocational and school teachers really need a model of Islamic edutechnopreneur-based education and its implementation in school life. The results showed that the success of the Edutechnopreneur production unit at SMK Negeri 7 Lhokseumawe really depends on the management applied in the school. Therefore, it is important to strengthen SMK management so that Islamic Edutechnopreneur production units can be developed in an effort to strengthen the competitiveness of graduates. Teachers are an important resource, involve teachers in various trainings that enable them to develop in mastery of competencies and achieve increased insight and entrepreneurial skills.

Academic Information System Audit Using Cobit 5 Domain APO Framework

The use of Information Technology (IT) in higher education is said to be useful if its application is in accordance with the vision and mission of the organization. Academic information system audit is a method of assessing or assessing academic information systems to ensure that the governance and management functions of the information system are implemented properly. Unimal is a university that has implemented information technology in its operational processes. In achieving the organization's vision, the use of IT in the organization must always be monitored so that the services provided to users can be maximized, including by conducting an audit process to identify the level of IT maturity so that IT management can find solutions from processes that are considered less than optimal. This study aims to measure the level of capability of Unimal Academic Information Technology using COBIT 5 Domain APO (Align, Plan, and Organise) in the APO01, APO02, APO04 and APO11 processes. The focus of the research is also based on the need for priority processes in the Malikussaleh University environment and research related to the APO domain has not been carried out. The purpose of this study in general is to analyze Academic Information Technology using the COBIT 5 framework in the APO domain at the Malikussaleh University, as well as to provide solutions for improving academic information technology and IT implementation at the Malikussaleh University.

Georaphic Information System of Land Suitablility for Commodities Featured in Sawang District North Aceh

Actually, Sawang is the largest sub-district in North Aceh, ±38,465 ha or 11.67% of the total area of North Aceh. Consists of thirty nine villages. 3,449 ha are paddy fields and 35,016 ha are non-paddy fields. The use of non-rice field land is usually used by the surrounding community for gardens, forests, and ponds of 27,997 ha. In order to support government programs in improving people's welfare and creating job opportunities, it can be done by developing the potential of agriculture and plantations. Therefore, integrated and complete information is needed regarding the characteristics of land in North Aceh, especially Sawang Sub - District, which is suitable for planting certain types of plants in support of optimal and sustainable land use policies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the nature of the land that is suitable for use as an agricultural area or plantation of superior commodities. The specific purpose of the research is to provide recommendations to local governments to determine policies for the use of vacant land with appropriate plant types. The research steps include preliminary studies, identification of superior commodities, mapping of vacant land, testing of land suitability parameters, determination of land suitability, policy recommendations. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, the researchers conclude that cocoa is considered the most appropriate plant among several other options, referring to the results of several parameters and observations that have been made, either through spatial studies based on mapping techniques, using special software, or the study of chemical elements, as a support for plant growth, through the results of laboratory tests that have been carried out by the research team.

Analysis of Temperature Variations, Types of Insulation and Coating on Corrosion Under Insulation on ASTM A53 Pipes

Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) can be described as localized corrosion that forms as a result of the penetration of water or moisture through an insulating material. The pipe material used is of the ASTM A53 standard and the fluid used in seawater because almost all industries are located on the coast. This type of coating is carried out on the test pipe using Meiji Epoxy Filler. The test method is carried out by flowing seawater fluid in pipes with water temperature variations of 30°C, 50°C, and 70°C. This pipe varies the type of insulation by using glasswool and Rockwool (ASTM G 189-07). This insulation is conditioned in a wet state by giving 2 ml of seawater drops with a pH value of 4 per 6 hours. The test equipment is divided into 3 series according to temperature variations with 4 test specimens and 2 coating variations respectively. The test time was carried out for 336 hours to obtain the corrosion rate results using the ASTM G31-72 weight loss method. The results showed that the type of Glasswool insulation with specimens coated had the lowest corrosion rate value of 0.00483 mmpy at a temperature of 30°C when compared to the same type of treatment on Rockwool insulation of 0.00724 mmpy or an increase of 2.41 times. This study shows that the type of insulation, temperature variation, and coating greatly affect the rate of corrosion and the type of corrosion that occurs is uniform corrosion.

Using Quizizz in Learning Assesment with Science Literacy Oriented in Science Learning

In the covid-19 era, activities are forced to be done from home, including learning activities. Because of the limited network, students' interest in doing assignments becomes low. Thus teachers tend to ignore the assessment of learning outcomes during the pandemic. Even though assess learning outcomes is very important to do, one of them is a daily test which aims to find out the extent to which students understand the lesson. This study aims to determine the use of the Quizizz applicationwith science literacy oriented as a media for assessing learning outcomes during the study. The research method used is applied research, namely by implementing the Quizizz application in science literacy for online assessment. The data collection method used was a questionnaire. Quantitative data collection was obtained with closed questions. Questionnare is given after students doing daily tests using Quizizz with science literacy oriented. The daily test consists of 20 multiple choice questions of Motion with 10 literacy discourses. The result of daily test is devided into three part, namely high, medium and low. Based on the result of daily test 13 students who get high accuracy score, 9 students in medium cluster and 8 students in low cluster. Overall students give positive responses to using Quizizz with science literacy oriented and agree to be used in the daily test. Based on students perceptions, the use of Quizizz is very interest and science literacy help them remember what they have learned.. However, there needs to be assistance from the teacher when new students use Quizizz for the first time.

Identification of Public Green Open Space in The Merdeka Square Area of Binjai City: Social Reality Architecture

Urban Green Open Space has important benefits for the lives of its residents. However, the problem that often arises is that there are many green open spaces in the city only as spaces that are responsive to the climate, environment, and as noise absorbers. Even though its existence is more than that, Green Open Space should also be able to fulfill the social activities of city dwellers in interacting, communicating and other social realities to create positive mental growth for fellow city residents. Architecture can be used as a vehicle to make a place not only a visual use but also can be a benefit for human life in the quality of its social reality. Therefore, research activities are needed by observing the relationship between Green Open Space and social activities of the city community as users to find the identity of the place so that the character is seen as the cause of the place to exist. The research was conducted by adopting a qualitative method that was translated descriptively at certain times in a factual manner so that the audience got a clear picture of the social reality that occurred. The results of the study explain that the pattern of activities that occur interactively on the character of the place provided contextually is intended for teenage visitors. There is no strict place limit between adolescent habitus social activities, this is a stereotype of the arena, capital, and power of adolescents who tend to be free.

Mechanical Characteristic and Water Absorption Property of Bio Composite from Sago Starch and Jute Fiber (Boehmeria Nivea) as the filler

Environmentally friendly plastics can be degraded biologically in an anaerobic environment. This plastic is synthesized from starch such as sago starch which is available in abundance. In the form of bioplastics, its mechanical properties are still not compared to conventional plastics derived from crude oil, so its application is limited. The incorporation of filler material increases its mechanical properties, one of the selected fillers is hemp fiber as used in this study. Thermoplastic starch from sago with flax fiber as a filler and the addition of Polypropylene to improve mechanical properties with a certain composition to maintain its natural biodegradability. The mechanical properties analyzed were tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity. Water absorption tests were also carried out to observe the water resistance properties. The results of the tensile strength test showed that the best tensile strength value of 9.32 Mpa was obtained at the addition of 35% fiber with a TPS: PP ratio of 1:1.5. The same conditions were obtained for the percent elongation with the results of 10.16% and the modulus of elasticity was 91.73 Mpa. Water absorption showed that 55% filler gave the lowest water absorption, namely 4.41% at a ratio of TPS: PP 1:0.5. The addition of fiber filler into the bio-composite affects the tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity, the higher the volume of filler entering the bio-composite, the lower the value of tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity, or vice versa. The ratio of addition of polypropylene matrix is also influential, the higher the ratio contributes to the tensile strength, elongation and higher modulus of elasticity. High water absorption capacity will reduce the performance of biocomposite, so the lower the water absorption ability, the better the quality of the biocomposite product and the wider its application