Emphatic reflexives as part-structure modifiers

The standard analysis of emphatic reflexives assumes that they are focused expressions of identity in all their uses (e.g. Gast 2006). On the basis of semantic and prosodic data, I argue that exclusive adverbial emphatic reflexives in Dutch and English should instead be analyzed as expressions excluding certain participants from the modified event (“P-exclusives”). The proposed analysis is based on Moltmann’s (2004) account of the part-structure modifier ‘alone’, and avoids a number of problems that the standard analysis has when applied to these data.

Estimation of corrosion resistance of modifying concrete in a solution of sulfuric acid

This study presents the test results of 8 concrete series in 5% sulfuric acid solution for 28, 56 and 180 days. Each series was made using two mixtures based on CEM II/A-S 32.5 and CEM III/A 32.5 cements. Modification of the properties of concrete was obtained by the introduction of superplasticizer, silica fume, complex of structure modifier and hydrophobic admixture. The water-binder ratio varied from 0.27 to 0.63, the compressive strength was 26 to 83 MPa, and water absorption from 3.4 to 8.4 %. Samples of test cubes (10x10x10 cm) and test beam (16x4x4 cm) were prepared to immersion in the acid solution. The assessment of corrosion resistance was carried out on the weight loss and strength of concrete in relation to the initial value of 28 days. The obtained results showed that the surface layer of concrete in all samples was destroyed after 28 days of exposure. The deterioration of the corrosion resistance of modified concrete in relation to ordinary concrete without additives was observed regardless of the type of cement. An exception was a series of concrete, which had a water-binder ratio of 0.27–0.28 and a compressive strength of 77–83 MPa.

Hierarchically Self-assembled Super Structural TiO2 Microspheres: Enhanced Excitonic Efficiency as Photocatalyst and Photoanode Material

ABSTRACTComplex three-dimensional (3-D) super structural TiO2 architectures with controlled shape and size were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal synthesis route by using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as the metal precursor and hydrochloric acid (HCl)/ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as the mineralizer/structure directing agent. Several interesting hierarchical architectures like: (i) nanoparticles assembled spheres (NPAS), (ii) nanowires assembled spheres (NWAS), (iii) nanorods assembled spheres (NRAS), and (iv) nanosheets assembled spheres (NSAS) were achieved by the controlled variation of crystal structure modifier. The synthesized materials were characterised in detail by different analytical techniques and the findings are consistent. To demonstrate the superior performances of the as prepared materials the photocatalytic and photo-voltaic performances were investigated. The results demonstrate that these synthesized materials exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity (efficiency is ∼ 91%) towards the degradation of RhB and as a photoanode in DSSCs the maximum energy conversion efficiency is ∼5%, attributed primarily to the unique hierarchical mesoporous structure of the TiO2 architectures.

Investigation on Dyeing Performances of the Modified Cotton Fabric with Quaternary Ammonium Salt as Modifier

In this paper the different kind of quaternary ammonium salt was applied to modify the cotton fabric and then the modified cotton fabric was dyed under low salt condition. The effect of modifier structure, modifier concentration, modification time and temperature on the dyeing performances of the modified cotton fabric was investigated. The results indicated that the optimal modification condition was that the modifier was Octadecyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium nitrate, modifier concentration was 40 g/L, modification time was 40 min, modification temperature was 60 °C and the salt concentration was 25% of the conventional dosage. The K/S value, soaping fastness and breaking strength of the modified cotton fabric under low salt condition was the same level as the conventional dyeing process.