INFLUENCE OF MACROSTRUCTURE ON THE DENSITY OF OAK WOOD

An individual process of staining of each trunk occurs as a result of the long-term presence of wood in the river soil without oxygen access. It consists in changing the structure and chemical composition of the wood. There are industrial reserves of this wood on the territory of the Russian Federation, in the floodplains of a number of rivers. One of the most important tasks at the extraction stage is the primary individual quality assessment of the trunk. One of the most effective diagnostic indicators for assessing wood quality can be the number of annual layers in one centimeter. This indicator correlates well with wood density. The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of the macrostructure of natural wood and stained oak wood, changes in the microstructure on its density. It was found that the density of stained oak wood, depending on the number of annual layers in 1 cm, is about 10% higher than that of natural wood, all other things being equal. The magnitude and nature of the decrease in density along the radius of the trunk is the same as in natural wood. It is about 20%. The performed studies will allow making an express analysis of the quality of each stained wood trunk at the stage of making a decision on the behavior of its extraction. This will significantly reduce the cost of logging and primary processing of stained oak wood

Calculating AMBU Bag Dimensions for Use in Portable Ventilators

Based on the design of non-portable ventilators, this project examines and analyzes the primary individual component used within a motorized AMBU bag ventilator - the AMBU bag. Calculations are conducted to assess the minimum volume for an AMBU bag to provide sufficient oxygen for average total lung capacity. It allows to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of an electrical, portable AMBU bag ventilator under the reduced size requirements. A calculus-based formula, known as the Disk Method, is utilized for these calculations. It is shown that the Disk method can be reversed to find a shape of an AMBU bag given a predetermined volume and desired dimensions. Thus an affordable, motorized, portable AMBU bag ventilator with full functionality and effectiveness can be developed. It will contribute to fulfilling the need for more ventilators due the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Auteur Theory, The

The auteur theory is a way of critically analyzing a film or corpus of films through viewing its director as the film’s author and principal creative influence. First articulated in post-war France by film magazine Cahiers du cinéma, it viewed the director as the primary individual responsible for creating a valuable film. Auteurs, in the view of the Cahiers writers, could influence multiple aspects of the filmmaking process through the force of their personalities. The theory was expanded upon by British film critics at Movie magazine, as well as by the American film critic Andrew Sarris, who first used the term "auteur theory" to describe a system of categorizing the films of great authors versus the films of craftsmen or scenarists. The auteur theory was further developed by structural film criticism and feminist film theory, but was challenged in several ways, particularly by a new wave of post-structural film critics at Cahiers du cinéma. Though it has met with much controversy since its initial formulation, it reverberates to the present day as a method of analyzing films and their value through their directors.

Comment on Apiors, E.K.; Suzuki, A. Mobile Money, Individuals’ Payments, Remittances, and Investments: Evidence from the Ashanti Region, Ghana. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1409

Using primary, individual-level survey data for Ghana, Apiors and Suzuki find, among other things, that mobile money use is not dependent on financial status and that mobile money users save more. This note argues that both conclusions have validity issues.

Sources Used by Education Students to Conceptualize Learning Disabilities

An earlier investigation indicated that the education students in this sample gave estimates of the prevalence of learning disabilities that were 4 times greater than those given by experts. In the present study, we identified the sources of information these students used to conceptualize and estimate the prevalence of these disabilities. These 140 first-year education students cited direct contact with persons identified as learning disabled as the primary individual source and personal experience as the primary type of source they used to form conceptions of learning disabilities. These findings raise questions about the effects exposure to possible stereotypes of learning disabilities and their resolution may have on the practices of educators. Faculty must present research to students so stereotypical views of pupils who have difficulty learning in school and the solutions to their problems are questioned.

INDIVIDUAL WAVE ANALYSIS OF IRREGULAR WAVE DEFORMATION IN THE NEARSHORE ZONE

In a field observation, water surface fluctuations were measured at many points on line from the shoreline to just outside the surf zone. The data were analyzed by an individual wave method, where the concept of primary individual wave is introduced in order to investigate irregular wave deformation. Primary individual waves are defined by applying the zero-down crossing method with a suitable band width at the zero level to the high-pass filtered water surface fluctuation. It is shown that a wave thus defined behaves like a regular wave with a fixed period in the nearshore zone. A deterministic model based on wave height change of monochromatic waves on non-uniform beaches is then introduced. The model is found to describe the observed deformation process expressed by the primary individual waves.