Management of Grahani roga in Ayurveda (irritable bowel syndrome)- A case report

Grahani Roga is a common Gastro-intestinal Tract disorder of present era. In Ayurveda, Grahani is considered as the main functional part of Mahasrota which is located in between amashaya & pakwashaya, also known as the 6th kala i.e., Pittadhara Kala where jatharagni resides and its main function is to hold the ahara upto the end of avasthapaka & after completion passes it into pakvasaya. Symptoms like alternate passing of hard & loose stool, abdominal pain, passing of foul-smelling stool, mucus in faecal matter are diagnostic of Grahani Roga. In modern science, above mentioned symptoms can be correlated with IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome). In IBS, the wall of the intestine becomes sensitive to even mild stimulus which causes excess abdominal cramps & hence the bowel movement alters along with indigestion. In this case an effort has been made to treat 33 years male suffering from Grahani roga, at Ayurveda Teaching Hospital within 3 months by various ayurveda medicine and panchakarma procedures.

Deoxynivalenol damages the intestinal barrier and flora of the broiler chickens

BackgroundIn livestock feed industry, feed and feed raw materials are extremely susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the main risk factors of mycotoxin contamination in broiler feed and feedstuff, however, there are still few knowledges about tihs. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore that the toxicity effect of DON on the intestinal barrier of broiler chickens and the microecological balance of the flora.ResultsIn our present study, we compared the pathological scores of the small intestines of broilers on the 5th, 7th and 10th day, and chose the 7th day to analyze the small intestine histomorphology, tight junctions and cecal flora of the broilers. The results showed the damage to the small intestine worsened over time, the small intestinal villi of broilers were breakaged, the tight junctions of the small intestine were destroyed, the cecal flora was unbalanced, and the growth performance of broilers was reduced on the 7th day.ConclusionsDON could damage the functional and structural completeness of intestinal tract, disorder the Intestinal flora, and finally lead to declined broiler’s performance. Our study provided a basis for the prevention and treatment of DON in broiler production.

Coronavirus infection and gut microbiota

At present time, a number of questions regarding the pathophysiological characteristics and therapeutic approaches to the treatment of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 remain unresolved. In some cases, patients with COVID-19 may experience symptoms of gastrointestinal tract disorder. According to the literature, the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can replicate in the gastrointestinal tract and may affect the gut microbiota. The article aims to review studies about the possible relationship between the gut microbiota condition and the course of COVID-19 infection, as well as to consider the gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target and probiotic drugs as possible therapeutic agents in the treatment of viral infections, including COVID-19 infection. It is known that gut microbiota condition is one of the factors determining the susceptibility and features of the bodys response to various infectious agents, possibly including the COVID-19 infection. Currently published studies demonstrate a possible relationship between the gut microbiota condition and the course of COVID-19 infection, however, to confirm this hypothesis, additional studies are required, which will allow to make more unambiguous conclusions with subsequent development of new approaches to the prevention and treatment of infection. Potentially a lot of hope in this direction is inspired by the results of probiotics studies, which showed that their use may reduce the frequency and severity of viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. However, currently, there is insufficient data to extrapolate the results of these studies to COVID-19 patients.

Giant hydronephrosis in an 82-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities: a case report

Giant hydronephrosis is a rare urinary tract disorder characterized by a collection arising from the kidney. Because of its complications, surgery remains the main treatment. Here we report the case of an 82-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities and diagnosis of giant hydronephrosis. After multidisciplinary concertation between urologists and geriatricians, no specific treatment was initiated. This case report highlights a non-specifically presentation of this rare disorder, including no symptom. The presence of multiple comorbidities has changed the management commonly reported in the literature.

Proteome Mining of Sortase A Dependent Proteins (SDPs) in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Docking Analysis of SDPs interaction with Sortase A

BackgroundLactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are important probiotics, play a fundamental role in ensuring the health of the gastrointestinal tract, maintaining the microbiome balance, and preventing the gastrointestinal (GI) tract disorder. One of the effective mechanisms in the bacterial-host interaction is related to the action of the enzyme sortase A and Sortase Dependent Proteins (SDPs). Sortase plays an important role in the stabilization and retention of the probiotic in the gut by exposing various SDPs on the bacterial surface proteins which is involved in the attachment of bacteria to the host intestine and retention in the gut.ResultsIn this study, out of 165 LABs reference proteomes, there were 25 SDP-free strains. Among the 140 strains with SDPs, 707 proteins were found with the potential to function as SDPs. In this way, ProtScreen software with the ability to recognize a specific motif and domain in the proteome, which is available at http://nigebprotscreen.com/ was designed. Also a database including 707 SDPs in Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Carnobacterium, and Leuconostoc strains was designed which is available in the project section at online ProtScreen software. Our results showed that the most abundant amino acid in X position in the LPXTG motif among 165(LABs) is glutamine (Q). Results of SDPs and sortase A docking using HADDOCK and CABS-dock tools, showed that the highest binding energy is related to the glutamine, where a positive relationship between frequency of amino acids and binding energy was observed. Therefore, our data shows that why glutamine in nature and during evolution, has been selected as the best amino acid for X site in LPXTG motif.ConclusionsThe results of the present research and similar studies could be useful in better understanding the role of sortase A and SDPs in the studies on the mechanisms related to the interactions between bacteria and the host, including longer probiotic persistence in the gut.

Preventative and Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcers

Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal tract disorder that affects up to 20% of the population of the world. Treatment of peptic ulcer remains challenging due to the limited effectiveness and severe side effects of the currently available drugs. Hence, natural compounds, owing to their medicinal, ecological, and other safe properties, are becoming popular potential candidates in preventing and treating peptic ulcers. Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in plants, exhibit gastroprotective effects against peptic ulcer both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarized the anti-ulcer functions and mechanisms, and also the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety, of flavonoid monomers in the gastrointestinal tract. Flavonoids exerted cytoprotective and rehabilitative effects by not only strengthening defense factors, such as mucus and prostaglandins, but also protecting against potentially harmful factors via their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Although controlled clinical studies are limited at present, flavonoids have shown a promising preventable and therapeutic potential in peptic ulcers.