Enhancement of performance for graphite felt modified with carbon nanotubes activated by KOH as Cathode in electro-fenton systems

The electro-Fenton (EF) process is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Graphite felt is widely used as an cathode material for the EF process, and its performance can be improved by surface modification. Active carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) have more oxygen-containing functional groups and better electrochemical properties compared to Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In this study, graphite felt was used as the substrate, and composite cathodes were prepared by surface treatment using MWCNT, graphene, and ACNTs. Rhodamine B (RhB) dye decolorization tests were then conducted to investigate the degradation performance of the EF system with different cathodes. The results showed that based on the micromorphology of ACNT, the tubular form of MWCNT was activated into a GR-like flake structure, it was also found that the strength of the oxygen-containing functional groups of ACNT improved significantly. The activated MWCNT/C cathode exhibited a 60-min decolorization rate of 77.28% compared to the unactivated MWCNT/C cathode, whereas the decolorization rate of the ACNT/C cathode increased to 85.01% after activation, which was close to that of the GR/C cathode at 88.55%. In summary, the ACNT/C cathode exhibited degradation efficiency comparable to that of the GR/C cathode.

Isoform-dependent subcellular localization of LMTK1A and LMTK1B and their roles in axon outgrowth and spine formation

Lemur kinase 1 (LMTK1) is a membrane-bound Ser/Thr kinase that is expressed in neurons. There are two splicing variants of LMTK1 with different membrane binding modes, viz., cytosolic LMTK1A that binds to membranes through palmitoylation at the N-terminal cysteines and LMTK1B, an integral membrane protein with transmembrane sequences. We recently reported that LMTK1A regulates axon outgrowth and spine formation in neurons. However, data about LMTK1B are scarce. We analysed the expression and cellular localization of LMTK1B along with its role in axon and spine formation. We found that both LMTK1B and LMTK1A were expressed equally in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of the mouse brain. Similar to LMTK1A, the wild type of LMTK1B was localized to Rab11-positive pericentrosomal compartment. The kinase negative (kn) mutant of LMTK1B was found to be associated with an increase in the tubular form of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which was not the case with LMTK1A kn. Furthermore, unlike LMTK1A kn, LMTK1B kn did not stimulate the axon outgrowth and spine formation. These results suggest that while LMTK1A and LMTK1B share a common function in recycling endosomal trafficking at the pericentrosomal compartment, LMTK1B has an additional unique function in vesicle transport in the ER region.

AN OVERVIEW OF CLASTIC DIKES: SIGNIFICANCE FOR EARTHQUAKE STUDY

Clastic dikes are often the only evidence of past disasters in poorly exposed areas and therefore their findings are extremely important for earthquake study. However, the variety of their origins greatly complicates the use of clastic dikes to assess the seismic hazards within the manifold environments. This paper systematizes main triggers, formation mechanisms and some matching indicative features of tabular and cylindrical bodies with an emphasis on the importance of revealing the injection dikes formed by fluidized injection of clastic material into the host sedimentary layers (from the bottom upwards) and associated with overpressure buildup and hydraulic fracturing. Based on the revision of known seismic liquefaction features and specific descriptions of the injection dikes, this overview defines 12 general and 12 individual geological and structural criteria (for study in sectional view), which make it possible to establish confidently the earthquake origin of the dikes caused by fluidization from seismic liquefaction. In addition, ground penetrating radar data correlating with trenching suggest indicative searching criteria of the injection dikes on radargrams, namely: a pipe‐shaped anomaly or a composite anomaly combining a tubular form in the lower part with an isometric – in the upper [i]; relatively high values of unipolar positive echoes on the trace of GPR signal [ii]; an occurrence of the same anomaly on adjacent parallel profiles located the first tens of meters apart [iii]; and stratigraphic disruptions of the radar events on the background of their continuous horizontal position [iv]. Finally, the paper illustrates that the clastic dikes can be successfully applied to determine the age and the recurrence interval, the epicenter location and a lower‐bound magnitude/intensity of paleoearthquakes, thus providing geological data for seismic hazard assessments in the regions, in which unconsolidated deposits capable to liquefaction are common.

Variation of Entrances, Food Storage and Brood Cells of Trigona laeviceps Bees from Various Habitat

Trigona is a stingless bee that protects itself by swarming and biting. The bee products that are widely used in addition to honey are propolis, wax and the royal jelly. Trigona bee is one of potentially honey producer that has not been widely known. One species of trigona bee found in Bali is the Trigona laeviceps. They are nested in the crevices of rocks or in the tree trunk. This research aims to determine variations of entrance shapes, food storage, and brood cells of T. laeviceps from different altitudes. Colonies were observed in the Laboratory of Animal Taxonomy, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Basic Sciences, Udayana University, and nest entrance was analyzed in the Analytic Laboratory, Udayana University. Colonies were collected from bamboo nest in a tubular form and wooden nest from wooden boxes. Nest entrance is either flat or protruded out of the nest in an oval shape. The form of the entrance is not affected by the altitude. The nest entrance contained around 0,05 % flavonoids. The size and shape of pollen and honey pots volume was lightly lager in colonies collected from altitudes more than 400m above sea level (0.058 ± 0.04 mm³) than colonies collected from altitudes less than 400 m above sea level (0.035 ± 0.03 mm³). Royal jelly pots and brood cells have also similar shapes, but the volume is larger in colonies collected from altitudes less than 400 m above sea level (0.015 ± 0.07mm³) compared to altitude of more than 400 m above sea level (0.011 ± 0.02 mm³ )

Superionically conducting β′′-Al2O3 thin films processed using flame synthesized nanopowders

Commercial β′′-Al2O3 solid electrolytes for Na+ batteries are exclusively produced in tubular form, in part, due to processing difficulties.