FROM BASIC SCIENCES TO CLINICAL APPLICATIONS WITH A SYMPOSIA SERIES: A GLOBAL OUTREACH

Dissemination of research results between scientists usually happens via publications of original papers & review articles published in strictly controlled, peer-reviewed scientific journals. This is certainly a beneficial and useful way of communication, but it does not cover all the needs in scientific interactions. This manuscript aims to highlight the unmet need for effective creative communication among scientists during international conferences and congresses. A brief history of the 35-years symposia series “International Symposia on Cell/Tissue Injury & Cytoprotection/Organoprotection” (ISCTICO) are presented

Computation of Polynomial Degree-Based Topological Descriptors of Indu-Bala Product of Two Paths

Cheminformatics is entirely a newly coined term that encompasses a field that includes engineering computer sciences along with basic sciences. As we all know, vertices and edges form a network whereas vertex and its degrees contribute to joining edges. The degree of vertex is very much dependent on a reasonable proportion of network properties. There is no doubt that a network has to have a reliance of different kinds of hub buses, serials, and other connecting points to constitute a system that is the backbone of cheminformatics. The Indu-Bala product of two graphs G 1 and G 2 has a special notation as described in Section 2. The attainment of this product is very much due to related vertices at to different places of G 1 ∨ G 2 . This study states we have found M-polynomial and degree-based topological indices for Indu-Bala product of two paths P k and P j for j , k ≥ 2 . We also give some graphical representation of these indices and analyzed them graphically.

The effects of Covid-19 on Medical Education

Since the start of January 2019, COVID-19 has caused unparalleled disruption to all aspects of life globally, including the delivery of medical education. Each university and institution have a different approach on how medicine, as a course, is taught and delivered, however, generally there is a consensus that in the earlier years, more emphasis should be given to the acquisition of theoretical and scientific knowledge, including anatomy and physiology. In the later years, medical students are then expected to apply their theoretical knowledge in a practical setting by attending various placements and interacting with patients and other healthcare professionals. The duality of this approach results in doctors who are both competent in their knowledge of the basic sciences whilst being good clinicians with sound practical and inter-personal skills. Covid-19 causes an unprecedented interruption to all students, however with courses such as Medicine, whereby a practical element is crucial, the adaptation to deliver the course effectively is more of a challenge. Clinical rotations were cancelled during the start of the pandemic due to concerns about the students and their families contracting the virus and also for the protection of the vulnerable patients in hospitals. In this manuscript we have explored the adaptations made in order to deliver medical education and evaluate the effectiveness of these methods. We will also be discussing the implications and limitations of these methods. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.5269 How to cite this:Karim Z, Javed A, Azeem MW. The effects of Covid-19 on Medical Education. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.5269 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

An Investigation into the Essence of Islamic Philosophy

Every civilization needs the basic sciences to develop in all aspects, including science and culture, industry and technology, etc. Philosophy is one of the core elements of the basic sciences. It focuses on epistemology and ontology. In the process of forming Islamic civilization, the nature and the essence of Islamic philosophy, its necessity, possibility, and impossibility are some of the main challenges of the 21th-century Islamic world. The main purpose of this study was to show the essence of Islamic philosophy based on the specific definitions presented for the philosophy today. The content of Islamic philosophy has been taken from the revelatory sources of Islam. Being affected by the schools of Peripatetic and Illuminationist and Transcendent philosophies, Islamic philosophy has reached such an eminence that is forming a great Islamic civilization. The data were collected through library research and were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach. The most important result of the study was the establishment of the position of Islamic philosophy, i.e., its superiority to other philosophical schools of the world.

Computer Simulation of a Surface Charge Nanobiosensor with Internal Signal Integration

The ionized states of molecular analytes located on solid surfaces require profound investigation and better understanding for applications in the basic sciences in general, and in the design of nanobiosensors, in particular. Such ionized states are induced by the interactions of molecules between them in the analyzed substance and with the target surface. Here, computer simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics software show the effect of surface charge density and distribution on the output generation in a dynamic PIN diode with gate control. This device, having built-in potential barriers, has a unique internal integration of output signal generation. The identified interactions showed the possibility of a new design for implementing a nanobiosensor based on a dynamic PIN diode in a mode with surface charge control.

Interest and Attitudes of Medical, Dental Students and Graduates Towards Pursuing Career in Basic Sciences

Objectives:To assess attitudes and perception of medical as well as dental students and graduates about a career in basicsciences from a public sector institute of Karachi. Study design and setting:A cross-sectional survey carried out using an online questionnaire amongst medical and dentalfinal year students and graduates from Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology:Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Chi-square test was used to compare categoricalvariables with likert scale responses regarding attitudes and perceptions about a career in basic sciences. Results:Out of 315 participants, 41.3% showed interest in basic sciencescareer. 46.4% of graduates showed interest inbasic sciences compared to 15.4% of students. Chi-square test did not reveal any significant association between medicaland dental students and graduates and their attitudes and perceptions regarding a career in basic sciences. Conclusion:Overall, a more positive response towards basic sciences was observed in our study, with graduates reportedbeing more attracted to a basic sciences career than students. However, majority believed there is lack of motivation andawareness about this career path, limited career and post-graduation options in basic sciences, no patient interaction and pressure from family creates disinterest in this career.